Network Switching

Circuit Switching vs Packet Switching

Circuit Switching

• A dedicated path is set up before communication.
• The path is reserved until the call ends.
• Example: Traditional landline phones.
• How it works:
  • Caller dials, network sets up a physical path, data travels, path stays reserved.
• Advantages:
  • Guaranteed connection.
  • Stable and reliable.
• Disadvantages:
  • Wastes bandwidth during silence.
  • Slow setup.
  • Inefficient for internet traffic.

Packet Switching

• Data is split into small packets.
• Each packet travels its own best path.
• Packets are reassembled at the destination.
• How it works:
  • Data split into packets, packets find their way, packets reassembled.
• Packet Contents:
  • Address: Destination address.
  • Sequence number: For reordering.
  • Total number of packets: To ensure all packets are received.
• Advantages:
  • Efficient use of network.
  • No fixed path needed.
  • Good for internet traffic.
• Disadvantages:
  • Possible delays (latency).
  • Packets can get lost or arrive out of order.
  • Needs powerful devices to manage packets.

Comparison

• Connection Setup:
  • Circuit Switching: Before communication.
  • Packet Switching: No setup needed.
• Bandwidth Usage:
  • Circuit Switching: Reserved.
  • Packet Switching: Shared.
• Reliability:
  • Circuit Switching: Very high.
  • Packet Switching: Depends on network load.
• Example:
  • Circuit Switching: Landline call.
  • Packet Switching: Whatsapp call.

Devices

• Switches: Connects your device to the local network.
• Routers: Chooses the best path across the internet.
• Modems: Connects your network to your ISP, translates data.