Week 1 (Glia Cells, Glia Cell Functions)

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Glia Cells

Previously thought to only have a supportive role, now we know that they have many different functions including communicating with other cells.

Types of Glia Cells

Astrocytes

• Star-Shaped Cells

• Wrap around various parts of functionally related axons

• Shields neurons from chemicals in the extracellular space

• Contributes to the BBB (Blood Brain Barrier)

• Helps to synchronize activity (allows for signals in waves)

• Helps provide nutrients from blood vessels to neurons

Microglia

• Work as a part of the immune system

• Removes waste materials and viruses from the brain

• Work with astrocytes to create “glial scares” after brain damage

Oligodendrocytes

• Build myelin sheathes around axons in the CNS (Central Nervous System)

  • More myelin means greater efficiency of neural signal

• One oligodendrocytes can wrap around several different axons

Schwann Cells

• Build myelin sheathes around axons in the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

• One Schwann Cells can only wrap around one axon

Radial Glia

• Guide migration of neurons during embryonic development