Chapter 43

2 Defence systems

A. Inate inmmunity

1. All animals

2. born with

3. Barrier defecnes

   a. skin,mucous ,cilia/hair, pH

4. Internal

   a. Receptor protiens

Orginisms

a. Proyotic

1. Bacteria

eukaryotic

a. Protists

b. fungi

c. plants

d. animlals

1. Invertebrets

   a. No vertebrae

2. vertibrets

   a. have vertebrae

Adaptive/acquired immunity

a. Recongition of traits specific to particular pathogens using avast array or receptors

b. slower response

A. Humaral responce

b. Antibodies defend agains infection in body fluids

c. Cell medittated response

d. Cytotoxic lymohocytes defend against infection in body cells

B. acuqired/ Adaptice immunity

1. only vertebrates

2. Adaptice/learned immunity

3. 2nd defense —> after innate

Inate immunity

a. Recognition of traits shared by brouad ranges of pathogens using a small set of receptors

b. rapid response

A. internal defenses

a. phogocytic cells

b. Antimicrobial proteins

c. inflammatory response

d. natural killer cells

Inante immunity of invertebrates

A. Barrier defense

1. Exoskeleton

2. Lysozymes

   a. Digestss microbial cell walls

B. internal defences

1. phagocytosis

   a. Phagocytosis is the process by which certain cells, called phagocytes, eat and break down large particles like bacteria or dead cells.

2. recognition protiens

   a. unique marker molecles found on microves (ID tags)

   1. Not found within animals

      b. Recognition protiens on immune response cells bind to marker molecules on microbes and destroy

3. Toll receptors

   a. Specific receptor protiens in invertegbrates

   b. Through signal trasduction (chapt 11) the activated toll reecptor initiates the relese of antimicrobial peptides disrupting microbial cell walls and membranes

Inate immunity of vertebretes

A. Carrier defence

B. Cellular innate defenceses

1. Recognition

   a. Toll like rectptor (TLR)

   1. Receptor protein on WBC (leukocytes)

2. Phagocytic leukocyte types

   a. Neutrophils

   1. Blood stream

   2. Attracted to infected tissues by signaling

      a. [ ] Gradient

   3. Showrt lived—> destroy themselves in the process

   b. Mainly lymphatic system

   c. eosinpphil

   1. Mainly eneth mucual surphaces

   2. parisites

      d. Dendritic cells

      1. Stimulate adapive immuity

3. inflamatory response

   1. Steps

      a. Injury

      b. Mast cells —> histamne release

      c. Macrophages —> cytokine release

      d. Neutrophils—> cytokine release

      e. Blood vessel dilation & permeation

      1. More phagocytive cells (machrophages & neutrophils)

Anti microbial peptides & proteins