Q3-ARTS-Neoclassicism & Romanticism

Arts of the Neoclassic and Romantic Periods

NEOCLASSICAL ART PERIOD (Neoclassicism)

• Neoclassicism (1780-1840)

  • Derived from Greek "neos" (new) and Latin "classicus" (first class).

  • Focused on Roman history, elevating its heroes.

Neoclassical Paintings

• Ideals of Order and Moderation

  • Emphasis on realistic portrayals of classical themes.

  • Importance placed on historical accuracy in costumes and settings.

NEOCLASSICAL ARTISTS

Painters and Sculptors

• Jacques-Louis David

  • Influential French painter, considered pre-eminent in the era.

  • Focused on historical subjects.

• Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres

  • Pupil of Jacques-Louis David, influenced by Renaissance painters.

  • Known for nudes, portraits, and mythological themes.

• Antonio Canova

  • Renowned Italian sculptor famous for marble sculptures.

• Bertel Thorvaldsen

  • Internationally acclaimed Danish artist.

Jacques-Louis David

• Renowned for his mastery of Neoclassical style.

  • Paintings depicted historical themes and revolutionary subjects.

• Notable Works:

  • "The Death of Marat" - portrays martyr Jean-Paul Marat.

  • "Napoleon Crossing the Alps" - idealizes Napoleon's crossing through the Alps.

  • "Oath of the Horatii" - depicts a Roman legend with sacrifice themes.

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

• Influenced by David and Italian Renaissance artists.

• Notable Works:

  • "Portrait of Napoleon on the Imperial Throne" - shows Napoleon in grandeur.

  • "The Apotheosis of Homer" - celebrates the legacy of Homer and classical figures.

Antonio Canova

• Famous for marble sculptures portraying delicate features and mythological themes.

• Notable Works:

  • "Psyche Awakened by Cupid's Kiss" - showcases relationship dynamics.

  • "Washington" - portrays George Washington as a Roman general.

Bertel Thorvaldsen

• Notable for mythological and religious themes.

• Notable Works:

  • "Christ" - a depiction of resurrected Christ.

  • "Lion of Lucerne" - commemorates Swiss Guards massacred during the Revolution.

NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

• Emerged mid-18th century, focusing on Classical Greek and Rome influences.

• Key Styles:

  • Temple Style - includes peristyle columns.

    • Notable Buildings: La Madeleine de Paris, British Museum, Pantheon.

  • Palladian Style - based on Palladio's villa designs featuring balustrades.

    • Notable Architect: Robert Adam (designed the White House and U.S. Capitol).

  • Classical Block Style - rectangular plans with classical details, evident in U.S. architecture.

    • Notable Architect: Henri Labrouste (Bibliothèque de Sainte-Geneviève), Charles Garnier (Palais Garnier).

ROMANTIC ART PERIOD (Romanticism)

• Romanticism (1800-1810)

  • A reaction against Neoclassicism, emphasizing emotion and nature.

  • Focus on historical longing, supernatural themes, social injustices, and dramatic landscapes.

Characteristics of Romantic Art

• Heightened emotions and action.

• Nature depicted as powerful and uncontrollable.

• Dramatic compositions showcasing moments of extreme sensation.

Romantic Paintings

• Focused on expressing deep emotions and passion on canvas.

ARTISTS OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

• Jean Louis Theodore Gericault

  • Known as the first French master of the realistic school.

  • Notable Works:

    • "The Raft of the Medusa" - depicts shipwreck victims.

    • "Charging Chasseur" - portrays Napoleonic cavalry.

    • "Insane Woman" - explores mental health themes.

• Eugène Delacroix

  • Greatest French Romantic painter, known for color techniques.

  • Notable Works:

    • "Liberty Leading the People" - commemorates the July Revolution of 1830.

• Francisco Goya

  • Renowned painter and printmaker in Spain.

  • Notable Works:

    • "The Third of May" - illustrates resistance against Napoleon.

    • "Saturn Devouring His Son" - reflects mythological fears.

    • "The Burial of Sardine" - symbolizes renewal and transformation.

Romantic Landscape Painting

• Highlights the physical world, with natural elements shaping mood.

• Ranges from detailed realism to impressionistic styles.

Romantic Sculpture

• Divided between human-focused and nature-focused works.

• Key Sculptors:

  • François Rude - known for "Departure of the Volunteers".

  • Antoine-Louis Barye - famous animal sculptor.

    • Notable Works:

      • "Hercules Sitting on a Bull" - depicts mythological labors.

      • "Theseus Slaying the Minotaur" - illustrates a heroic battle.

NEOCLASSICISM vs ROMANTICISM

Influence in the Philippines

• Artworks reflect Neoclassical and Romantic influences in Philippine art.

• Juan Luna y Novicio - recognized as a pioneer and political activist.

  • Notable Work: "Spolarium" - symbolic of societal struggles in history.

Notable Artists and Works

• Continuation of diverse Philippine artistic heritage connected to global movements.

• Emphasis on cultural narratives in various forms of art.