Psychoanalytic-Theory (1)

Page 1: Title

  • Psychoanalytic Theory of Sigmund Freud

  • MSC Nursing

Page 2: Objectives

  • Understand Freud's Psychoanalytical Theory

  • Describe the structure of personality

  • Enumerate the levels of awareness

  • Explain the dynamics of personality

  • Describe psychosexual development

  • Explain psychoanalysis

Page 3: Introduction

  • Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, formulated Psychoanalytic Theory.

  • First to identify human development by stages.

  • Considered early childhood (first 5 years) crucial for character formation.

Page 4: History of Freud

  • Born on May 6, 1856, in a Moravian town, Austria.

  • Qualified as a Doctor of Medicine at University of Vienna, 1881.

  • Established psychoanalysis in 1890.

  • Published "Interpretation of Dreams" in 1899.

  • Died on September 23, 1939, in the United Kingdom.

  • Acknowledged as the Father of Psychoanalysis.

Page 5: Structure of Personality

Components

  • Id

  • Ego

  • Superego

Page 6: Structure of Personality - Definitions

  • Id:

    • Governed by the pleasure principle: "I Want".

    • Drives immediate gratification.

    • Functions unconsciously; impulsive and irrational behaviors.

  • Ego:

    • Governed by the reality principle: "You can't always get what you want."

    • Develops between 4-6 months.

    • Acts as a mediator among id, superego, and the external world.

  • Superego:

    • Works on the perfection principle; incorporates societal values and morals.

    • Develops around ages 3-6.

    • Composed of the ego-ideal and conscience, guiding judgments.

Page 7: Components of Superego

  • Ego Ideal:

    • Formed through consistent rewards for "good" behavior, enhancing self-esteem.

  • Conscience:

    • Formed through punishments for "bad" behavior, instilling guilt.

Page 8: Examples of Id, Ego, Superego

  • Id: "I want to party while my parents are away!"

  • Ego: "Mom and Dad said no... too risky."

  • Superego: "Never disobey your parents."

Page 9: Levels of Awareness

  • Conscious: All memories within an individual's awareness.

  • Preconscious: Memories not currently in awareness but can be recalled.

  • Unconscious: Memories that cannot be consciously accessed, influencing behavior.

Page 10: Awareness Levels Explained

  • Conscious: Easily retrievable memories (e.g., phone numbers, personal birthdays).

  • Preconscious: Forgotten information that can be recalled with focus (e.g., old addresses, significant events).

  • Unconscious: Unpleasant memories (e.g., pain, anxiety) that still affect behavior.

Page 11: Dynamics of Personality

  • Psychic Energy:

    • Drives mental functioning (libido).

    • Energy shifts from id to ego, then to superego.

    • Excess energy in any component reflects behavior.

Page 12: Ego Defense Mechanisms

  • Methods used by the ego to protect self and cope with drives/emotional pain.

  • Operate mostly at the unconscious level.

Page 13: Common Ego Defense Mechanisms

  • Repression: Keeps painful ideas away from consciousness.

  • Suppression: Conscious attempt to avoid disturbing thoughts.

  • Denial: Refusal to accept anxiety-causing reality.

Page 14: More Ego Defense Mechanisms

  • Displacement: Redirecting feelings to a less threatening object/person.

  • Reaction Formation: Replacing anxiety with the opposite feeling.

  • Rationalization: Justifying behavior or failure with socially acceptable reasons.

Page 15: Additional Defense Mechanisms

  • Sublimation: Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.

  • Compensation: Overachieving in one area to cover shortcomings in another.

  • Projection: Blaming others for personal failures.

Page 16: Further Mechanisms Explained

  • Intellectualization: Using reasoning to block confrontations with emotional stress.

  • Undoing: Trying to reverse an unhealthy action with opposite behavior.

  • Regression: Returning to a prior, safer developmental stage.

Page 17: Psychosexual Development Stages

  • Oral: Focus on mouth (birth-18 months).

  • Anal: Focus on bowel/bladder (18 months-3 years).

  • Phallic: Awareness of genital area (3-6 years).

  • Latency: Phase of socialization (6-12 years).

  • Genital: Sexual maturity (12 years-adulthood).

Page 18: Psychoanalysis Explained

  • Aims to release repressed emotions/memories for conflict resolution.

  • Techniques include free association, dream analysis, and behavior interpretation.

  • Current practice is limited, lengthy, costly, and often not covered by insurance.

Page 19: Psychoanalysis Techniques

  • Dream Analysis: Discussing dreams to uncover meaning.

  • Free Association: Prompting client responses based on immediate thoughts.