Ln 1 - Why did Medieval migrants come

Overview of Migration to England

Reasons for Migration
- People migrate for various reasons including economic opportunities, escape from persecution, and better living conditions.
- Historical understanding of migration includes looking at specific migrant groups and their experiences in a new country.

Invitation of Jewish Migrants
- In 1070, King William I invited Jewish money lenders to England.
- This invitation was influenced by economic needs, particularly for financial support in building castles.
Key Concept - Usury
- Usury: The practice of charging interest on loans. This was particularly relevant for Jewish migrants, as it was not considered a crime in Judaism.

Definition and Consequences of Usury
- Usury is viewed negatively in Christianity based on biblical texts (Exodus 22:25–27).
- Pope declared charging interest as sinful, resulting in a ban on Christians practicing usury; breaking this could lead to severe spiritual consequences.
Jewish Perspective on Usury
- Usury was not a crime in Judaism, allowing Jewish money lenders to thrive in economic roles often denied to Christians.
- Jewish money lenders often provided loans to Christians, creating a complex economic relationship.

Impacts of Usury on Society
- Following the invitation from King William I, Jewish money lenders contributed to the economy but faced backlash due to their financial practices.
- Migrants found in Jewish communities included both wealthy money lenders and poorer individuals with various trades (e.g., shoemakers, bakers).

King's Protection and Its Challenges
- Jews in England were under the protection of the king, which provided safety but also created a sense of belonging that later resulted in conflict.
- Initial safety attracted many Jews fleeing persecution from other European countries (e.g., France, Spain).

Comparison of Migrant Groups
- Welsh Migrants
  - Came from close proximity (Wales) to Bristol; generally positive experience as they spoke English.
- Irish Migrants
  - Close to England but faced negative experiences due to higher taxation.
- Dutch and Flemish Migrants
  - Attracted by job opportunities, especially in brewing; had positive experiences due to good pay.
- Scottish Migrants
  - Border conflicts led to difficulties, contributing to a negative experience.
- Icelandic Migrants
  - Often brought as servants or through kidnapping; faced poverty and challenging conditions in England.

Discussion on Treatment of Migrants
- Question the varying treatment of migrant groups based on their backgrounds, societal perceptions, and economic roles.
- Importance of understanding push and pull factors in migration, as well as shifts in attitudes towards different groups.

Reflective Tasks
- As a reflection, students are encouraged to assess why certain groups were treated better than others, the factors that drove migration, and changes in attitudes towards migrants during the medieval period.
- Use findings to fill in overviews of Medieval migrants, their experiences, and societal impact.