Progressive Era – Domestic Reform Test Review

1. What were the goals of the Populist Movement?

Income tax, civil service reform, Increase money supply by coining silver, government control of railroad and communication systems

2. What were the goals of the Progressive Movement?

Reform movements that address problems of the Gilded Age such as ending political corruption, regulating businesses, breaking up monopolies, ending child labor, etc…

3. How were the Populist and the Progressives connected?

Wanted a government more accountable to citizens

4. How did the role of government change during the Progressive Era?

became more active in people’s lives to address problems of Gilded Age

5. What does the term initiative mean?

process for citizens to propose a new law to be put directly on the ballot 

6. What does the term referendum mean?

allows citizens to accept or reject a law passed by the legislature

7. What does the term recall mean?

process to remove an elected official before next election for wrongdoing

8. What is the effect of initiative, referendum, and recall?

More citizen’s direct involvement in democratic process 

9.  What was the Pendleton Act?

required civil service exams for government jobs to ensure positions were filled based on merit (qualified people)

10.  Why was the Pendleton Act passed?

political corruption, abuse of spoils system, political machines

11.  Define the 13^th Amendment. Why was the 13th Amendment passed?

abolition of slavery - to ensure freedom for those previously enslaved

12.  Define the 14^th Amendment. Why was the 14th Amendment passed?

citizenship rights for all persons born or naturalized in US - to ensure equal protection for before the law for citizens (including those formerly enslaved)

13.  Define the 15^th Amendment. Why was the 15th Amendment passed?

Right to vote for all men - ensured voting rights for citizens, regardless of race

1.  Define the 16^th Amendment. 

allowed for a federal income tax

2.  Why was the 16th Amendment passed?

to allow the government more tax revenue rather than only relying on tariffs 

3.  Define the 17^th Amendment. 

Direct election of senators 

4.  Why was the 17th Amendment passed?

To give citizens had more direct role in selecting representatives and end political corruption

5.  Define the 18^th Amendment. 

prohibition of alcohol

6.  Why was the 18th Amendment passed?

Many believed the alcohol was the source of social problems 

7.  Define the 19^th Amendment. 

Women’s suffrage

8.  Why was the 19th Amendment passed?

to ensure women are able to have a voice in government and give their consent to be governed, many states had already given women the right to vote

9.  Explain Jim Crow Laws.

segregation laws that required all public places be separated by race

10.  What was the effect of the Supreme Court Case Plessy v. Ferguson?

Led to increased segregation, the denial of voting rights for African Americans, and a rise in the KKK

11.  What was the purpose of the Settlement House Movement?

assimilate “americanize” new immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe into general American culture

12.  What does the term “Muckraker” mean?

Journalist who sought to expose problems in order to bring about change

13. Explain the contributions of Susan B. Anthony.

Leader of suffragist movement - women’s right to vote

14. Explain the contributions of Jane Addams.

started settlement houses to help assimilate immigrants in cities and provide services to urban poor

15. Explain the contributions of W.E.B. Du Bois.

Started the NAACP and advocated for an end to segregation through high education 

16. Explain the contributions of Booker T. Washington.

advocated for vocational (job) training for African Americans

17. Explain the contributions of Jacob Riis.

Book How the Other Half Lives exposed the poor living conditions in urban tenements

18. Explain the contributions of Upton Sinclair.

Wrote The Jungle to expose conditions in meatpacking plants - led to passage of Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act 

19. Explain the contributions of Ida B. Wells.

African American civil rights leader that began anti-lynching movement

20. What were the effects of conservation during the Progressive Era?

Establishment of National Park system to conserve natural resources 

21. What were the effects of the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act? 

Government began to regulate big business and break up monopolies and trusts 

22. What were the effects of the Interstate Commerce Act?

Government began to regulate railroads and required fair pricing

23. What were the effects of the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act?

Government began to regulate food industry to protect consumers

24. What were the causes of labor unions? What were the effects of labor unions?

Causes: Poor working conditions, low wage, long hours, child labor

Effects: Strikes shut down factories, Laws passed to improve conditions

25. What was the impact of the Federal Reserve Act?

provided economic stability and established more confidence in banking system

1. Explain the contributions of Susan B. Anthony.

Leader of suffragist movement - women’s right to vote

2. Explain the contributions of Jane Addams.

started settlement houses to help assimilate immigrants in cities and provide services to urban poor

3. Explain the contributions of W.E.B. Du Bois.

Started the NAACP and advocated for an end to segregation through high education 

4. Explain the contributions of Booker T. Washington.

advocated for vocational (job) training for African Americans

5. Explain the contributions of Jacob Riis.

Book How the Other Half Lives exposed the poor living conditions in urban tenements

1. Explain the contributions of Upton Sinclair.

Wrote The Jungle to expose conditions in meatpacking plants - led to passage of Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act 

2. Explain the contributions of Ida B. Wells.

African American civil rights leader that began anti-lynching movement

3. What were the effects of conservation during the Progressive Era?

Establishment of National Park system to conserve natural resources 

4. What were the effects of the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act? 

Government began to regulate big business and break up monopolies and trusts 

5. What were the effects of the Interstate Commerce Act?

Government began to regulate railroads and required fair pricing

6. What were the effects of the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act?

Government began to regulate food industry to protect consumers

7. What were the causes of labor unions? What were the effects of labor unions?

Causes: Poor working conditions, low wage, long hours, child labor

Effects: Strikes shut down factories, Laws passed to improve conditions

8. What was the impact of the Federal Reserve Act?

provided economic stability and established more confidence in banking system