amendments

First Amendment 

1. Freedom of religion 

2. Free speech 

3. Free press 

4. Peaceably assemble 

5. Petition the government for a redress of grievances

Second Amendment 

● Right to keep and bear arms

 ● For LE purposes, the possession of firearms is a Fourth Amendment question

 ● Confirmed as an individual right by SCOTUS ○ District of Columbia v. Heller, 550 U.S. 570 (2008)

Fourth Amendment 

● No unreasonable searches and seizures

 ● Warrants must be specific and based upon probable cause 

● All use of force is a seizure.

 ○ Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386 (1989) ○ Kingsley v. Hendrickson, 576 U.S. 389 (2015) (pre-trial inmates)

Fifth Amendment – (if you are given due process you then can have life liberty property revoked) 

● Due process (life, liberty, property) 

● No double jeopardy 

● Don’t have to be a witness against oneself 

● Grand jury for felonies

Sixth Amendment 

● Speedy trial

l ● Impartial jury 

● Right to compel witnesses ( you as the accused have a right to ask people to be a witness) 

Seventh Amendment 

● Right to civil trial in certain federal civil cases 

● This amendment will likely never be the answer to a question about “cop stuff”.

Eighth Amendment 

● No excessive bail 

● No cruel and unusual punishment 

● Governs use of force against a convicted inmate

Ninth Amendment ● The rights enumerated in the Constitution are not an exhaustive list ● This amendment will likely never be the answer to a question about “cop stuff”.

10th Amendment

 ● The federal government is limited to the powers specifically enumerated to it in Article 1, Section 8!!!

• Has control of the 18 powers 

• Public schools are not run by federal government 

14th Amendment

 ● The due process clause of this amendment selectively applies the Bill of Rights to the states (incorporation)- need to know that. Became mechanism for applying the bill of rights to state 

• Passed because the 13th amendment wasn't being respected by state government.