Networking - Networking Hardware

Ethernet Cable
Physically connects computers to a network via cable.
Found in network ports on desktops and other devices.
Wi-Fi
Wireless networking technology.
Most modern devices (mobile phones, smart TVs, laptops) have wireless capabilities.
Connections made through radios and antennas.
Fiber Optic Cables
Connects to networks using glass fibers that transmit data using light.
The most expensive connection method, allowing higher speeds compared to others.
Data is sent as beams of light (ones and zeros) instead of electrical currents.

Router
- Central device that connects multiple devices together and routes network traffic.
- Example scenario:
  - Computers A, B, C, and D connected through a router.
  - To send a file from A to B, the packet traverses through the router, which uses network protocols to route it correctly.
Communication Across Networks
- When sending data to an external computer (e.g., Alejandro on a different network), the router communicates with the ISP's network using protocols to direct the packet effectively.
- Packets travel through multiple routers, switches, and hubs to reach their destination.
Switches and Hubs
- Switches: 1. Act like mailrooms, directing packets within a single network after being routed to the building by a router.
- Hubs: 1. Operate like memos, sending information to everyone connected without specifying the destination.

Understanding network devices is crucial for diagnosing internet access problems.
Network Stack:
- Refers to the set of hardware and software components that make up computer networking.
- Investigating the network stack involves checking the user’s computer and then examining other potential failure points like cables, switches, and routers.