Qualitative Examination of Correctional Programming for Incarcerated Women

Over the past 40 years, the incarceration rate for women has surged significantly.
Between 1978 and 2015, the male state prison population increased by 367.0%, whereas the women's population increased by 834.0%.
Justice-involved women often experience higher rates of mental health issues, substance abuse, and caregiving responsibilities compared to men.

Current correctional programming has largely been based on male experiences and needs, neglecting women’s specific issues.
Justice-involved women typically require different services due to lower offending rates, distinct types of offenses, and higher victimization levels.
There is a gap in understanding the perceptions of incarcerated women regarding the correctional programs available to them.

Many incarcerated women are primary caregivers with a significant portion (63,900 in 1991 to 147,400 in 2007) being mothers in prison.
The separation due to incarceration impacts both mothers and their children negatively.

Incarcerated women often come from low socioeconomic backgrounds, illustrated by low employment (40%) and educational achievements (42% without a high school diploma).

High rates of victimization are reported among incarcerated women, with 25% to 71.8% experiencing childhood abuse.
Mental health issues are prevalent, with 73.1% of women having a mental health problem in prison.

Approximately 69.2% meet criteria for substance dependence or abuse, often associated with mental health problems.

Treatment programs focusing on gender have been linked to reduced recidivism and improved life outcomes.
Women participating in substance abuse programs saw a 45% decrease in reoffending compared to those who did not.

Incarcerated women have expressed the need for programs that include:
- Job training and vocational programs to enhance employability upon release.
- Mental health counseling to address emotional and psychological issues.
- Substance abuse treatment programs focused on individual drug needs.
- Family programs that foster connections with children.
Leadership opportunities or program management roles for incarcerated women based on their skills and education levels.

Several reported issues regarding the accessibility and effectiveness of available programs:
- Programs are often incompatible with women’s schedules, overcrowded, or waitlisted.
- Lack of information regarding program availability contributes to missed opportunities for participation.
- Programs available do not adequately meet the identified gender-specific needs of incarcerated women.

The provision of gender-responsive correctional programming is essential to address unique needs related to mental health, education, and family ties for incarcerated women.
Addressing logistical barriers (like communication and program availability) could enhance participation and efficacy of these programs, ultimately aiding reentry and reducing recidivism.