Foundation of Nursing Study Notes

CHAPTER 10 - FOUNDATION OF NURSING

Key Concepts

1. Catheter Care

• Performed on all patients with indwelling catheters.
  • Frequency options:
  • (a) Twice daily
  • (b) Daily
  • (c) Four times a day
  • (d) Every other day

2. Palliative Surgery

• The main purpose is:
  • (c) Relieves or reduces intensity of disease symptoms.

3. Signs/Symptoms of Systemic Infections

• Identifiable signs include:
  • (b) Fever and chills

4. Definition of Health

• The most accurate definition is:
  • (a) Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

5. Trousseau's Sign Assessment Equipment

• For checking Trousseau's sign, the nurse should obtain:
  • (b) Blood pressure cuff

6. Team Nursing

• Characteristics include:
  • (c) Is practiced by a team of educated health workers
• Assessment:
  • (a) Lack evidence-based
  • (b) Is a substandard approach
  • (d) Has been phased out

7. Wound Irrigation

• The process is referred to as:
  • (a) Wound irrigation

8. Non-maleficence

• Associated with:
  • (d) Doing no intentional harm

9. Subcutaneous Injection Sites

• Locations for administration include all EXCEPT:
  • (b) Upper back

10. Pain Tolerance in Clients

• Client most likely to tolerate pain best:
  • (c) An athlete having knee surgery

11. Physical Assessment Steps

• Last step in the physical assessment is:
  • (b) Auscultation

12. Stages of Shock

• Stage associated with metabolic acidosis:
  • (c) Progressive

13. Health-Illness Continuum

• Represents health as:
  • (b) A dynamic process

14. Anatomical Direction - Superior

• Means:
  • (d) Near the head

15. Effectiveness of Oxygen Therapy

• Best determined by:
  • (c) Arterial blood gases

16. Postoperative Discomfort Relief

• Reduction after hemorrhoid ligation:
  • (a) Sitz bath

17. Cardiogenic Shock Definition

• Describes reduced cardiac output due to:
  • (a) Ineffective pumping of the heart

18. Health Psychology Focus

• Concerned with:
  • (d) All of the above

19. Inflammation Process Causes

• Include:
  • (d) All of them

20. Hildegard Peplau's Model Focus

• Focused on:
  • (a) Individual

21. Best Treatment for Extravasation

• Most effective:
  • (c) Prevention

22. Legal Consequences of Neglect

• Failure to assess physical restraints could constitute:
  • (a) Negligence

23. Definition of Shock

• Best described as:
  • (c) Inadequate tissue perfusion

24. Definition of Inflammation

• Best described as:
  • (b) Sequential reaction to cell injury

25. Rigor Mortis

• Stage characterized by stiffness of muscles:
  • (b) Rigor mortis

26. First Stage of Stress Response

• Known as:
  • (a) Stage of alarm reaction

27. Boiling Point of Water

• On a centigrade scale:
  • (b) 100 degrees

28. Initial Action for Low O2 Saturation

• When O2 saturation is 68%:
  • (a) Elevate the head of the bed

29. Stable Internal Environment

• Known as:
  • (b) Homeostasis

30. Farthest Point of Limb Attachment

• Described as:
  • (d) Distal

31. Orem's Theory Self-Care Requisites

• Categories include all EXCEPT:
  • (d) Development

32. Shock Stage Initiating Compensatory Mechanisms

• Is:
  • (b) Compensatory

33. Legal Consequences of Coercion

• Comments regarding medication can result in:
  • (d) Battery

34. Nursing Problems Typology

• Explained by:
  • (a) Faye G. Abedellah

35. Individual Therapy Phase Expectations

• Problems noted and coping skills identified in:
  • (b) Working phase

36. Clinical Features of Inflammation

• Not included:
  • (c) Necrosis

37. Definition of Congenital Diseases

• Defined as:
  • (a) Disease present at birth

38. Liver Function Importance

• Pivotal to:
  • (d) All of these

39. Sunscreen Application Timing

• Most effective:
  • (c) 15 minutes before sun exposure

40. Contraindications for Rectal Temperature

• For which client is it contraindicated:
  • (a) Client who has had a myocardial infarction

41. Stimulus Response Theory Origin

• Propounded by:
  • (c) Pavlov

42. Definition of Euthanasia

• Known as:
  • (a) Euthanasia

43. Surgical Procedure - Organ Removal

• Involves:
  • (c) Cholecystectomy

44. Maslow's Hierarchy - Physiological Needs

• Classified under:
  • (b) Physiological needs

45. Continuous Interaction in Nursing Theory

• According to Rogers:
  • (c) Integrality

46. Health and Illness Models

• Not a model:
  • (a) Cultural health model

47. Extravascular Fluid in Inflammation

• Defined as:
  • (d) Exudate

48. Definition of Inflammation

• Localized protective reaction characterized by:
  • (a) Pain, redness, swelling, and loss of function

49. Biopsychosocial Model of Health

• Broader than the medical model:
  • (a) Broadens the medical model

50. Cellular Events in Inflammatory Process

• Not included:
  • (c) Selection

51. Referred Pain Definition

• Defined as:
  • (a) Referred pain

52. Wiedenbach's Nursing Concept Model

• Known as:
  • (b) Modeling and Role Modeling Theory

53. Characteristic of Chronic Disease

• Defined as:
  • (b) Has a gradual onset

54. Nurse Practice Acts

• An example of:
  • (c) Statutory law

55. Health Definitions NOT Valid

• Not a definition:
  • (c) Health means not seeing a doctor

56. Patient Position in Shock

• Recommended position:
  • (c) Semi-Fowler's

57. IV Line Insertion Consideration

• Catheter advances if:
  • (b) Blood return shows in the backflash chamber of the catheter

58. Concepts in Behavioral Systems Model

• Not included:
  • (b) Energy fields

59. Misconduct by Healthcare Provider

• Defined as:
  • (a) Negligence

60. Example of Degenerative Disease

• Identified as:
  • (b) Stroke

61. Informed Consent Responsibility

• Main responsibility of:
  • (a) Physician

62. Main Effect of Histamine

• Causes:
  • (a) Dilation of arterioles

63. Deliberative Nursing Process Theory Origin

• Explained by:
  • (d) Patricia Benner

64. Characteristics of Vasodilation in Shock

• Seen in:
  • (a) Anaphylactic

65. Peptide in Inflammation

• Involved:
  • (a) Bradykinin

66. Difference Between Systolic and Diastolic Pressure

• Known as:
  • (a) Pulse pressure

67. Client's Right to Refuse Treatment

• Example of:
  • (b) Common law

68. Priority for Nephrostomy Tube Care

• First action:
  • (b) Check for bladder distention

69. Abnormal Elevated Heart Rate Definition

• Known as:
  • (b) Tachycardia

70. Ventral Surface Description

• Refers to:
  • (c) The front or abdomen

71. Therapeutic Response to Client Fear

• Best response:
  • (b) What makes you afraid, tell me more about it

72. Common Acid-Base Balance Accompanying Shock

• Accompanied by:
  • (a) Metabolic acidosis

73. Self-Care Deficit Theory Origin

• Proposed by:
  • (a) Dorothea Orem

74. Examination by Touch Defined

• Called:
  • (b) Palpation

75. Appropriate Wear for Direct Care to Influenza Client

• Should wear:
  • (a) Mask

76. Referring Client to Support Group Level

• Conducting activities in:
  • (c) Tertiary prevention

77. Consequence of Unauthorized Restraints

• May be guilty of:
  • (a) Assault

78. Health Behavior Not Included

• Not an example:
  • (a) Smoking

79. Example of Supination

• Defined as:
  • (d) Turning the palm upward and downward

80. King's Theory Definition of Nursing

• States:
  • (a) Nursing is the interpersonal process of action, reaction, interaction, and transaction

81. Definition of Pulse Rhythm

• Described as:
  • (a) Interval between beats and pattern of beats

82. King's Goal Attainment Theory Type

• Classified as:
  • (d) Interaction theories

83. Health Belief Model Elements

• Not included:
  • (c) Expectations

84. Geriatric Syndrome Components

• Include all EXCEPT:
  • (c) Cure

85. Client with Terminal Cancer Behavior Interpretation

• Behavior interpreted as:
  • (b) An expression of the anger stage of dying

86. Drug Treatment for Neurogenic Shock

• Typically used:
  • (d) Vasopressor

87. Wide Base Support When Assisting Client

• Should:
  • (a) Face the client; bend knees and lift

88. Inborn Diseases Definition

• Known as:
  • (d) Congenital

89. Florence Nightingale's Role of Nursing

• Defined as:
  • (a) Facilitating the body's reparative processes

90. Dorsal Definition

• Means:
  • (b) Posterior or toward the back

91. Nurse-Patient Relationship Phase

• Where summary of achievement occurs:
  • (d) Termination phase

92. Chemical Mediator Actions

• Causes:
  • (d) Prostaglandins

93. Primary Preoperative Responsibility of Nurse

• Is:
  • (b) Obtaining a signed permit for surgery

94. Type of Shock from Heart Pump Failure

• Classified as:
  • (b) Cardiogenic

95. Therapeutic Interpersonal Process Definition

• Stated by:
  • (a) Hildegard Peplau

96. Conditions Leading to Client Fall

• If client is confused and side rails down:
  • Constitutes:
  • (d) Negligence

97. Right to Choose Treatment Law

• Relates to:
  • (c) The Mental Capacity Act 2005

98. True Inflammatory Diseases Included

• Not included:
  • (b) Scalpitis

99. Pain Assessment Postoperatively

• Best method:
  • (b) Ask the client to rate his pain on a scale of 0-10

100. King's Goal Attainment Theory Type

• Is classified as:
  • (d) Interaction theories

101. Definition of Gerontology

• Defined as:
  • (a) A scientific study of the aging process

102. Distribution of Nurses During Shortage

• Example of:
  • (a) Justice

103. Health Promotion Program Type

• Most basic type:
  • (c) Providing counseling for lifestyle and behavior change

104. Spinal Cord Injury and Shock Type

• Leads to:
  • (c) Neurogenic

105. Factors Affecting Diffusion

• Not included:
  • (d) pH

106. Nightingale Theory Concepts

• Not a concept:
  • (a) "Human beings are open systems in constant interaction with the environment"

107. Mattress Suture Definition

• Refers to:
  • (d) Style of suture where a loop is made on each side

108. Florence Nightingale Birth Date

• Born on:
  • (b) 13 May 1820

109. Outcome of Chronic Inflammation

• Not an outcome:
  • (b) Complete absolution (recovery)

110. Litigation in Hospitals Concerns

• Most from:
  • (a) Nurse abandoning clients when going to lunch

111. Anxiety Level Care Plan

• Include:
  • (a) Help the client identify and describe feelings

112. Biomedical Model of Illness Key Element

• Defined as:
  • (d) All of these

113. Normal Breathing Rate and Depth

• Called:
  • (b) Eupnea

114. Preferred Treatment for Anaphylactic Shock

• Treatment of choice:
  • (a) Epinephrine

115. Autoclave Use Purpose

• Known for:
  • (a) Sterilization

116. Roy's Adaptation Theory Subsystem

• Responds through:
  • (c) Cognator Subsystem

117. Stage of Dying Characterized by Trying Experimental Therapies

• Characterized by:
  • (a) Bargaining

118. Chronic Proliferative Phase of Inflammation

• Characterized by:
  • (d) All of the above

119. Postoperative Patient with Low Response Initial Action

• Action should be:
  • (a) Increase the rate of IV fluids

120. Definition of Non-Infectious Diseases

• Best defined as:
  • (a) Disease caused by malnutrition

121. Not a Concept in Roy's Adaptation Model

• Defined as:
  • (d) Role function - Given

122. Decreased Blood Pressure in Neurogenic Shock Cause

• Caused by:
  • (c) Disrupted SNS communication

123. Systolic Pressure Definition

• Described as:
  • (a) The peak of maximum pressure when ejection occurs

124. Biological Dressing Definition

• Defined as:
  • (c) Use of human or animal tissues to cover wound

125. Health Educator Teaching Proper Body Mechanics Level

• Conducting activities in:
  • (a) Primary prevention

126. Common Dysrhythmia During Tracheal Suctioning

• Most common seen as:
  • (a) Bradycardia

127. State Free from Micro-Organisms Definition

• Known as:
  • (b) Aseptic technique

128. Factors Influencing Pain

• Not included:
  • (d) Heart block

129. Acceptable Range of Heart Rate in Newborn

• Is:
  • (a) 120-160 beats/minute

130. Definition of Mortality

• Refers to:
  • (a) Death

131. Percussion Technique

• Nurse uses:
  • (b) Right middle finger over the left

132. Intentional Tort Example

• Defined as:
  • (a) Battery

133. Risk Factor for Disease Not Included

• Defined as:
  • (b) Immunization

134. Primary Cause of Shock

• Identified as:
  • (c) Severe blood loss

135. Walking Stick Usage in Injury

• Should be held:
  • (a) In the right hand

136. Focus of Hospice Care

• Focused on:
  • (b) Palliative care

137. Heart Sound Assessment Technique

• Should:
  • (d) Fourth intercostal space mid-clavicular line

138. Indications for Tracheostomy EXCEPT

• Not indicated for:
  • (a) Influenza

139. Delayed Subacute Phase of Inflammation Characterization

• Characterized by:
  • (b) Infiltration of leucocytes and phagocytic cells (phase of exudation)

140. Activities in Home Health Nursing

• Involves:
  • (a) Health promotion

141. Health Behavior Models Definition

• Known as:
  • (a) Mental models of health behavior

142. Best Site for Temperature Assessment of Alert Patient

• Preferred method is:
  • (a) Rectal

143. Example of Physiological Stressor

• Identified as:
  • (d) Nutritional imbalance

144. Action to Prevent Contamination While Making Bed

• Avoid:
  • (c) Avoid shaking soiled linens

145. Nursing Role Overview

• Defined as:
  • (d) Generalizable

146. Suction Setting for Tracheostomy

• Recommended pressure:
  • (b) 60-80 mmHg

147. Surgery Related to Removal of Body Organ

• Involves:
  • (a) Cholecystectomy

148. Best Indicator of Peripheral Edema

• Most effective method:
  • (a) Weighing the client daily

149. Toxic Shock Syndrome Cause

• Caused by:
  • (c) Staphylococcus aureus

150. Community Contributions

• Primary prevention:
  • (a) Primary prevention

151. Measurement Units in Nursing

• 1 Gallon = 3000 mL.

152. Techniques for Control of Body Temperature

• Core body temperature measured at:
  • (b) 37°C is considered normal.

153. Patient Assessment Post-Operatively for Pain

• Assessed by:
  • (b) Asking client to rate pain

154. Rights of Clients

• Clients have the right to refuse treatment many refer to this as:
  • (b) Common law.

155. Recognizing Changes in Condition During Transfers

• Recognizes changes when:
  • (b) Client is assessed for pain.

156. Assessment and Measurement in Nursing

• Mismatch if found in:
  • (c) Body temperature recorded incorrectly

157. Nursing Practices in Medical Situations

• Best practices applied when:
  • (b) Client's status changes.

158. Appropriate Responses to Client Concerns

• Importance of:
  • (d) Maintaining communication with the client.

159. Environments and Nursing Care

• Models to help understand care and connect to action:
  • (b) Nursing as comfort and support.

160. Attitudes Reflecting In Nursing to Patients

• Should show to each patient development and well-being:
  • (a) Empathy and concern for personal health needs:

161. Quality of Nursing Care

• One key aspect includes:
  • (a) Continuous improvement and development.

162. Impact of Changes in Nursing Trends

• Reflects participation at the:
  • (b) Community level of care delivery.

Conclusion

These notes encompass critical aspects of nursing foundations covering patient care, treatment approach, legal responsibilities, definitions of health-related terms, and significant nursing theories. They serve as an extensive resource for students preparing for exams or seeking to solidify their understanding of key nursing principles.