Chapter-2

LEARNING OUTCOMES

• Distinguish between measurement, assessment, and evaluation.

• Explain the meaning of assessment FOR, OF, and AS learning.

MEASUREMENT, ASSESSMENT, AND EVALUATION IN OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION

• Presented by: Rommel Luis C. Israel III

MEASUREMENT

• Definition:

  • The process of determining or describing the attributes of physical objects generally in terms of quantity.

  • Involves the use of standardized instruments (e.g., ruler, scale, thermometer).

• Quantitative Information:

  • Collecting quantitative information relative to established standards.

  • Testing serves as the standard measurement procedure for assessing knowledge in a subject matter.

• Perceptions Measurement:

  • Involves rating knowledge on a scale (e.g., 1 to 5).

TYPES OF MEASUREMENT

1. Objective Measurement (e.g., testing)

2. Subjective Measurement (e.g., perceptions)

   • Note: Objective measurements are more stable than subjective ones due to consistent outcomes across repeated measurements.

Objective vs. Subjective Measurement

• Objective Measurement:

  • Does not depend on the individual taking the measurement; consistent results regardless of the measurer.

• Subjective Measurement:

  • Results may vary between assessors even for the same quantity or quality.

MEASURING INDICATORS, VARIABLES, AND FACTORS

• Variables:

  • Example:

    • X = Age

    • X = Height

• Indicators:

  • Example:

    • I = 1 (Characteristic present)

    • I = 0 (Characteristic absent)

• Factors:

  • Example (Variables measured in a battery of tests):

    • X1 = Computational skills

    • X2 = Reading skills

    • X3 = Vocabulary

    • X4 = Logic and reasoning

    • X5 = Sequences and series

    • X6 = Manual dexterity

Grouping Variables

• Groupings of Factors:

  • Group 1: (X1, X4, X5) = Mathematical Ability Factor

  • Group 2: (X2, X3) = Language Ability Factor

  • Group 3: (X6) = Psychomotor Ability Factor

ASSESSMENT

• Origin:

  • From Latin word "assidere" meaning "to sit beside."

• Definition:

  • The process of gathering evidence of student performance over time to evaluate learning and mastery of skills.

Evidence of Learning

• Examples:

  1. Dialogue records

  2. Journals

  3. Written work

  4. Portfolios

  5. Tests

Evaluating Assessment

• Requires review of various work types (journals, presentations, tests).

• Overall Goal:

  • Improve students' learning and provide reliable information on progress and achievement of expected outcomes.

• Assessments use predetermined achievement levels and standards for the corresponding curriculum.

EVALUATION

• Origin:

  • Root word "value," assessing worth, appropriateness, validity, and legality of measured items.

Evaluation Process

• Designed to provide information for judgment on particular situations.

• End results include adoption, rejection, or revision based on evaluations.

Objects of Evaluation

• Includes:

  • Instructional programs

  • School projects

  • Teachers

  • Students

  • Educational goals

Examples of Evaluation

• Evaluating educational projects, effectiveness of programs, and teacher attributes.

• Evaluation methods involve data collection and analysis utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods.

Purpose of Evaluation

• Identifies success factors of programs and projects.

CATEGORIES OF EVALUATION

1. Formative Evaluation

2. Summative Evaluation

Formative Evaluation

• Method of judging worth during program activities.

• Focuses on the process, offering insights during implementation to improve outcomes.

• Main Objective: Identify deficiencies for intervention potential.

Summative Evaluation

• Judging program worth after completion.

• Focus on results with instruments like questionnaires, surveys, interviews, and tests.

POINTS TO REMEMBER

• We measure height, distance, weight.

• We assess learning outcomes.

• We evaluate results based on criteria or objectives.

ASSESSMENT FOR, OF, AND AS LEARNING

Assessment Overview

• Assessment FOR Learning

  • Done to improve and ensure learning (formative).

  • Includes pretests and posttests to gauge ongoing learning.

Assessment