china

Regime: a form of government in power, or period of rule 

Steppe: flat dry grassland

Unify: to bring together in one unit

Calligraphy: artistic handwriting

Porcelain: fine clay baked at very high temperature 

Neo-Confucianism: taught that people should be concerned about this world as well as the after life, new form of ideas of confucius

Civil: having to do with citizens and their government 

Dynasty: a line of hereditary rulers in a country 

Yangdi: emperor who was killed when farmers revolted, made projects

Changan: Yangdi rebuilt changan, 

Grand Canal: made it easier to ship rice and other products between northern and southern China

Great Wall: farmers were forced to work on the great wall, 

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Tang: 618-907 CE, Empress Wu; Taizong strongest tang ruler; brought back system of civil service; expanded westward to Tibet (north of Himalaya); 

Song: 960 C.E the song dynasty was founded by one of the military generals who became emperor. Achieved many cultural advancements

Sui: Wendi & his son Yangdi ruled the sui dynasty. 

Han: After the fall of the dynasty in 220 C.E, the Chinese suffered immensely. Was ruled for 400 years. Founded in 206 BCE. Period of prosperity. Trading made the Han dynasty wealthy

Yuan: Kublai started the yuan dynasty. Only lasted for 100 years. Built ships and increased trade

Wu Zhao: one of the only empresses. Ruthless and violent but a capable leader. Conquered lands in korea. Ruled into 705 CE when she was 80.

Xuanzong: buddhist monk. 627 CE he started a pilgrimage to buddhist holy sites. Translated Buddhist texts.

Taizong: most powerful tang emperor. Gave land to farmers. 

Buddhism: taught that suffering is a part of life.

Daoism/Taoism: started by the Laozi in 560 BCE. focused on the individual. Was polytheistic. 

Chinese Advancements:

Silk Road: increased trade. Changan, dunhuang, kashgar, pamirs, merv, damascus

Genghis Khan: powerful mongolian general who conquered many land and was violent and showed no mercy also known as temujin

Khanates: the Golden Horde, the Yuan Dynasty, the Ilkhanate, and the Chagatai Khanate. 

Odagai Khan: Genghis Khan's son and took over in 1227 after Genghis died. Captured all of north china, some of russia and persia

Kublai Khan: Genghis Khan's grandson. Defeated the Song empire. Took over in 1260 CE. first to rule china in 300 yrs.

Marco Polo: assisted kublai khan and traveled with him in china. Kept careful records of what he saw.