vistas lección 4 grammatical rules

rules? like rouxls? deltarune reference? no way?

4.2 stem-changing verbs (e→ie, o→ue)

• when these kinds of verbs are conjugated, they have a vowel change in the LAST SYLLABLE of the stem. (e.g. empezar → empiezo)

  • (btw. the stem is the piece before the infinitive. i.. didnt know that immediately for some reason lmao)

  • this rule DOES NOT apply to nosotros and vosotros

  • e:ie (with empezar as an example)

    • yo empiezo

    • tú empiezas

    • ud./él/ella empieza

    • nosotros/as empezamos

    • vosotros/as empezáis

    • uds./ellos/ellas empiezan

  • u:ie (with volver as an example)

    • yo vuelvo

    • tú vuelves

    • ud./él/ella vuelve

    • nosotros-as volvemos

    • vosotros-as vovéis

    • uds.-ellos-ellas vuelven

• jugar is the only verb in spanish w/ a u:ue stem change

  • it’s followed by a + [definite article] when the name of a sport/game is mentioned (e.g. ella juega al tenis y al golf.)

• comenzar and empezar require preposition a when followed by an infinite (e.g. comienzan a jug at a las siete.)

• pensar

  • + [infinitive] = to plan/to intend to (do something)

    • ¿piensan ir al gimnasio? // are you planning to go to the gym?

  • + en = to think about someone/something

    • ¿en qué piensas? // what are you thinking about?

4.3 stem changing verbs e → i

• same behavior as the other ones, just a different form

• example with pedir (to ask for/to request):

  • yo pido

  • tú pides

  • ud./él/ella pide

  • nosotros/as pedimos

  • vosotros/as pedís

  • uds./ellos/ellas piden

• most common verbs:

  • conseguir (to get; to obtain)

    • yo consigo

  • decir (to say; to tell)

    • IRREGULAR in its “yo” form; yo digo

  • repetir (to repeat)

  • seguir (to follow; to continue; to keep (doing something))

    • yo sigo

4.4 verbs with irregular yo forms

• literally the title. not exactly a rule, just some verbs that are weird

• specifically, we’re gonna cover those with the “go” ending

  • hacer (to do; to make)

    • hago

    • used to ask questions abt what someone does

  • poner (to put; to place)

    • pongo

    • can also mean to turn on (a household appliance)

  • salir (to leave)

    • salgo

    • salir de is used when someone leaves a specific/particular place

    • salir para is used to indicate destination

    • salir con means to leave with someone/something or to date someone

  • suponer (to suppose)

    • supongo

  • traer (to bring)

    • traigo

  • others:

    • decir → digo

    • tener → tengo

    • vendor → vengo

• ver and oír

  • ver (to see): yo veo (instead of “yo vo”)

    • other forms are normal

  • oír (to hear):

    • has i:y change in some, and accent mark in others

      • yo oigo

      • tú oyes

      • ud./él/ella oye

      • nosotros/as oímos

      • vosotros/as oís

      • uds./ellos/ellas oyen

extra

• verb and subject flipped around??????

  • q: “¿quieren ustedes patinar con nosotros?

  • a: no, no queremos patinar con nosotros.