part 3;

Here are 40 multiple choice questions based on the provided lecture content on:

* White blood cells (WBCs)

* Platelets

* Clotting and wound repair

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### 🧬 Myeloid vs. Lymphoid WBC Development

1. Which type of white blood cells are responsible for general (nonspecific) defenses?

a. Lymphoid

b. Epithelial

c. Myeloid

d. Hormonal

Answer: c

2. Lymphoid stem cells develop into:

a. Platelets

b. Red blood cells

c. Trained immune responders like lymphocytes

d. Macrophages

Answer: c

3. Myeloid cells give rise to:

a. Only lymphocytes

b. Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes

c. Plasma proteins

d. Vitamin K

Answer: b

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### 🧪 Structures & Functions of White Blood Cells

4. What is the main role of white blood cells?

a. Transport oxygen

b. Regulate blood pressure

c. Defend the body against pathogens

d. Carry hormones

Answer: c

5. White blood cells contain:

a. Hemoglobin

b. Nuclei and organelles

c. Collagen fibers

d. Fibrin

Answer: b

6. Which white blood cell is the first to arrive at the site of infection?

a. Basophil

b. Monocyte

c. Neutrophil

d. Lymphocyte

Answer: c

7. Which WBC increases during parasitic infections and allergic reactions?

a. Eosinophils

b. Lymphocytes

c. Monocytes

d. Basophils

Answer: a

8. Basophils release:

a. Hemoglobin and glucose

b. Heparin and histamine

c. Fibrinogen and insulin

d. Bile and bilirubin

Answer: b

9. Monocytes become:

a. Lymphocytes

b. B cells

c. Macrophages

d. Neutrophils

Answer: c

10. What type of WBC produces antibodies?

a. Basophils

b. T cells

c. B cells

d. Neutrophils

Answer: c

11. What structure do lymphocytes have?

a. A segmented nucleus

b. Multilobed granules

c. Large nucleus with little cytoplasm

d. Kidney-shaped granules

Answer: c

12. Which WBC has a segmented nucleus and acts as a phagocyte?

a. Neutrophil

b. Eosinophil

c. Monocyte

d. Lymphocyte

Answer: a

13. What is the function of eosinophils during allergic reactions?

a. Form pus

b. Prevent clotting

c. Release enzymes to reduce inflammation

d. Destroy red blood cells

Answer: c

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### 💉 WBC Function & Defense Mechanisms

14. Diapedesis refers to:

a. Platelet production

b. WBC movement into tissues

c. RBC breakdown

d. Plasma protein activation

Answer: b

15. The movement of WBCs toward chemicals released at infection sites is called:

a. Chemotaxis

b. Hemostasis

c. Antigen response

d. Vascular spasm

Answer: a

16. Which WBCs are considered phagocytes?

a. Lymphocytes only

b. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes

c. Eosinophils and basophils

d. Basophils and lymphocytes

Answer: b

17. What WBC count condition involves too few WBCs?

a. Leukocytosis

b. Anemia

c. Leukopenia

d. Hemophilia

Answer: c

18. A dangerously high WBC count, often seen in leukemia, is called:

a. Hematocrit

b. Leukocytosis

c. Diapedesis

d. Thrombocytosis

Answer: b

19. Which WBCs are affected by vaccines?

a. Neutrophils

b. Basophils

c. Lymphocytes

d. Monocytes

Answer: c

20. What type of WBC has granules that stain deep blue and is rare in circulation?

a. Neutrophil

b. Eosinophil

c. Monocyte

d. Basophil

Answer: d

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### 🧫 Platelets: Structure, Function, Production

21. Platelets are fragments of:

a. Red blood cells

b. Lymphocytes

c. Megakaryocytes

d. Stem cells

Answer: c

22. What is the normal platelet count per microliter?

a. 5,000–10,000

b. 50,000–100,000

c. 150,000–500,000

d. 1,000,000–1,500,000

Answer: c

23. Low platelet count is called:

a. Leukocytosis

b. Thrombocytopenia

c. Hemophilia

d. Erythrocytosis

Answer: b

24. What is the average lifespan of a platelet in circulation?

a. 2–3 days

b. 5–7 days

c. 9–12 days

d. 20–30 days

Answer: c

25. What do platelets initiate?

a. Infection response

b. Oxygen transport

c. Clotting

d. Antibody production

Answer: c

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### 🩸 Controlling Blood Loss (Hemostasis)

26. What is the first step in blood clotting (hemostasis)?

a. Coagulation

b. Platelet phase

c. Vascular spasm

d. Diapedesis

Answer: c

27. During the vascular phase, what occurs?

a. Vessel dilation

b. Vessel constriction

c. Hemoglobin breakdown

d. Platelet destruction

Answer: b

28. What triggers platelet attachment in the platelet phase?

a. Heparin

b. Smooth muscle

c. Sticky endothelium and collagen

d. Calcium ions

Answer: c

29. The function of a platelet plug is to:

a. Remove waste

b. Close small breaks in vessel walls

c. Create scar tissue

d. Dissolve antibodies

Answer: b

30. The coagulation phase begins:

a. Immediately after injury

b. 5 minutes later

c. After 30 seconds or more

d. After 24 hours

Answer: c

31. What forms the fibrin mesh during coagulation?

a. Platelets

b. Vitamin K

c. Fibrinogen

d. Collagen

Answer: c

32. What is the purpose of the fibrin mesh?

a. Break down blood

b. Trap WBCs

c. Seal the vessel by trapping cells

d. Deliver oxygen

Answer: c

33. What nutrient is essential for producing clotting factors?

a. Vitamin A

b. Vitamin C

c. Vitamin K

d. Vitamin D

Answer: c

34. What ion is required for clotting?

a. Sodium

b. Potassium

c. Calcium

d. Iron

Answer: c

35. The liver produces:

a. Hemoglobin

b. White blood cells

c. Most clotting proteins

d. Antibodies

Answer: c

36. Clot retraction is when:

a. Fibrin expands

b. Platelets dissolve

c. Platelets pull vessel edges together

d. WBCs activate more RBCs

Answer: c

37. What dissolves the clot after healing?

a. Fibrinogen

b. Plasmin

c. Histamine

d. Myosin

Answer: b

38. Which substance activates plasminogen?

a. Histamine

b. Vitamin B12

c. Thrombin and tPA

d. Calcium chloride

Answer: c

39. What enzyme breaks down fibrin strands?

a. Amylase

b. Plasmin

c. Trypsin

d. Lipase

Answer: b

40. What is fibrinolysis?

a. Platelet creation

b. WBC maturation

c. Breakdown of the clot

d. Synthesis of hemoglobin

Answer: c