Fiscal Policies

Equal Protection Clause

• Laws must apply equally to all groups; no favoring of enforcement on any one group.
• States cannot deny equal protection of the laws, ensuring equal rights apply at the state level.
• States cannot enforce laws depriving citizens of due process or equal protection.

Fiscal Policy

• Government uses taxing and spending to manage the economy.

Keynesian Economics

• Typically favored by liberals/Democrats (e.g., FDR during the Great Depression).
• Government should spend money to stimulate the economy, creating jobs and infrastructure.
• Examples: Civilian Conservation Board, Work Progress Administration.
• Spend money to make money, put people to work.

Supply-Side Economics

• Favored by conservatives/Republicans (e.g., Ronald Reagan in the 1980s).
• Focuses on reducing taxes on businesses and individuals.
• Money goes where it is welcome (lower taxes).