Feed Additives 2024
Page 1: Title Slide
DAIRY SCIENCE DASC 3274: Feed Additives & Feed Toxins
Year: 2024
Page 2: Student Responsibilities
Define a Feed Additive: Substances added to animal feed to enhance its nutritional value, improve digestion, or promote animal health.
Difference Between Feed Additive and Essential Nutrient:
Feed additives may not provide essential nutrients; they enhance performance or health.
Essential nutrients are necessary for normal physiological functions.
FDA Approval Assurances:
Safety of the feed additive.
Efficacy when fed according to guidelines.
Must All Feed Additives Be FDA Approved?: No, many additives are not regulated or approved by the FDA.
Reasons for Using Feed Additives:
Improve feed efficiency,
Enhance animal health and productivity.
Are Feed Additives Always Nutrients?: No, examples include ionophores, which modify gut microbiota but do not provide nutrients.
Ionophores:
Purpose: Alter microbial populations in the gut to improve feed efficiency and control diseases.
Safety varies; may not be safe for all species.
Prebiotics, Probiotics, Post-biotics:
Prebiotics: Non-digestible food ingredients that support beneficial microbiota.
Probiotics: Live microorganisms that confer health benefits.
Post-biotics: Byproducts of probiotics that aid gut health.
Discussion Points on Yeast Products, Enzymes, Essential Oils: Potential benefits and drawbacks of these feed additives.
Silage Inoculants: Discussed regarding preserving forage and enhancing feed value.
Toxins in Feed: Consider how knowledge on toxins influences farming practices and identifies potential feed issues.
Page 3: Definition of Feed Additives
Feed Additives: Optional ingredients that impact digestion, metabolism, and production.
Clarification Required: Not merely "something added"; their roles are more complex.
Page 4: Overview of Feed Additives
Function: Impact digestion, metabolism, production efficiency.
FDA Approved Feed Additives:
Examples: Ionophores (Monensin & Lasalocid), certain yeast products, direct-fed microbials.
Non-FDA Approved Feed Additives: Include certain essential oils and enzymes.
Page 5: Elanco Announcement
Product: Bovaer® (3-NOP) for methane reduction approved by the FDA.
Use in: Lactating dairy cattle; safety and efficacy confirmed.
Geographical Focus: Initial rollout in California.
Page 6: Purpose of Feed Additives
Goals of Using Feed Additives:
Increase milk yield.
Enhance feed efficiency.
Boost growth rates.
Mitigate stressors.
Support animal health.
Page 7: Examples of Feed Additives
Notable Products in AMTS: Various sources and commercial yeast products listed, indicating a broad range of options for farmers.
Page 8: Nutritional Role of Additives
Nutrient-Acting Additives: Some additives also act as nutrients (e.g., niacin, biotin).
Focus Ahead: Discussion on additives not acting as nutrients for the cow itself.
Page 9: Main Sections in Feed Additive Chapter
Key Areas Covered:
Ionophores
Yeasts
Direct-fed microbials
Silage inoculants
Essential oils
Phytonutrients
Page 10: Why Ionophores?
Definition: FDA-regulated antibiotics that do not have use in human medicine.
Function: Alter ion flux across membranes; target specific gut microorganisms for improved efficiency.
Common Ionophores: Monensin (Rumensin), Lasalocid (Bovatec).
Page 11: Risks of Ionophores
Case Study: Monensin contamination resulted in fatalities among horses; emphasizes caution in feeding practices.
Page 12: Monensin Application
Target Groups: Used for lactating and non-lactating animals with specific feeding objectives detailed.
Page 13: Lasalocid Application
Use Cases: Similar application as monensin; not recommended for lactating cows.
Page 14: Definitions
Prebiotics: Promote beneficial bacteria.
Probiotics: Live organisms providing health benefits.
Post-biotics: Fermentation byproducts with supportive functions.
Page 15: Yeast Products in Nutrition
Types: Prebiotic (supports bacteria growth), Probiotic (live bacteria), Postbiotic (byproducts).
Classification: Saccharomyces cerevisiae products are common.
Page 16: Role of Yeast Products
Various Products: Differ in application; many support gut health and nutrient absorption.
Page 17: Benefits of Yeast Products
Specific Functions: Include improved digestibility and support for gut health.
Page 18: Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM)
Definition: Includes viable microorganisms to improve nutrition and health in dairy cattle.
Page 19: DFM Examples
Range of Products: Includes various yeast and bacterial DFMs for specific applications.
Page 20: Silage Inoculants
Purpose: Added during forage storage to stabilize feed and improve preservation.
Page 21: Functions of Enzymes
General Role: Improve feed digestibility and animal performance.
Page 22: Essential Oils and Phytonutrients
Definition: Compounds from plants modify rumen microflora and improve health.
Page 23: Examples of Essential Oils and Phytonutrients
List of Oils: Garlic, thyme, oregano; phytonutrients include rosemary and ginger.
Page 24: Other Feed Additive Types
Categories: Include processing aids, rumen modifiers, toxin binders, larvicides, and taste enhancers.
Page 25: Larvicides in Feed
Purpose: Halt fly larvae development; critical for reducing disease vectors.
Page 26: Feed Additive Considerations
Homework Reminder: Assess effectiveness, safety, and economic impact.
Page 27: Overview of Toxins
Subject Matter: Toxins in dairy feed from various sources.
Page 28: Definition of Toxins
Toxin Characteristics: Harmful compounds from plants and microbes; can cause dysfunction or death.
Page 29: Plant-Associated Toxins
Examples: Toxic compounds in certain grasses and their impacts.
Page 30: General Signs of Toxicosis
Symptoms: Weight loss, lethargy, and potentially death; often delayed onset.
Page 31: Specific Plant-Associated Toxins
Bracken ferns and sweet clover: Potentially lethal toxins and their effects.
Page 32: Gossypol in Cottonseed
Toxicity Factors: Free vs unbound forms; effects on cattle consumption.
Page 33: FDA Approval of Low Gossypol Cottonseed
Significance: New variety impacts human and animal consumption positively.
Page 34: Other Plant-Associated Toxins
Types: Nitrates and prussic acid; health implications of choice plants.
Page 35: Mycotoxins Definition and Types
Overview: Common types of mycotoxins and their effects on health and production.
Page 36: Mycotoxin Testing Overview
Methodology: Description of testing processes for mycotoxin exposure.
Page 37: Mycotoxin Testing Results Example
Results Interpretation: Guidance on acceptable levels for various livestock.
Page 38: Mycotoxin Binders
Functionality: Prevent GI absorption of toxins; mainstream discussions on safety.