Rizals-Life-Exile-Trial-and-Death

Rizal’s Life: Exile, Trial, and Death

  • Presentation by

    • Angel Jamisola

    • Karla Jade Hernandez

    • Franzine Angelou Janoras

    • Mary Joy Hermida

    • Nicole Jane Hongo

    • Eloisa Hermogino

Rizal's Arrival in Manila and Establishment of La Liga Filipina

Arrival in Manila

  • Date: June 26, 1892

    • 5:00 PM: Rizal returned to Manila by train.

  • June 27, 1892

    • 12:00 Noon: Rizal and sister Lucia arrived in Manila.

    • 4:00 PM: Went to Malacañang Palace to seek an audience with Governor General Eulogio Despujol.

    • 6:00 PM: Rizal boarded a train at Tutuban Station to visit friends in Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, and Cavite.

Establishment of La Liga Filipina

  • Date: July 3, 1892

    • Founded by Jose Rizal

    • Objectives:

      • Unite Filipinos for economic advancement, moral development, and resistance against oppression.

      • Promote education, civic involvement, and national solidarity.

  • Goals of La Liga Filipina:

    1. Unite the entire archipelago into a single organization.

    2. Provide mutual protection.

    3. Defend against violence and injustice.

    4. Promote education, agriculture, commerce, and implement reforms.

Formation and Structure of La Liga Filipina

  • Formation Date: July 3, 1892

    • After meeting with Governor-General Despujol, Rizal attended a gathering at Doroteo Ongjunco’s house in Tondo, Manila.

  • Motto: "Unus Instar Omnium" (One Like All)

  • Elected Officers:

    • President: Ambrosio Salvador

    • Secretary: Deodato Arellano

    • Treasurer: Agustín de la Rosa

    • Fiscal: Bonifacio Arevalo

Responsibilities of Members

  • Members were expected to:

    1. Obey the Supreme Council’s orders.

    2. Assist in recruiting new members.

    3. Keep Liga’s decisions confidential.

    4. Use a symbolic name, changeable only if elected President.

    5. Report important information to the Fiscal.

    6. Uphold good moral character.

    7. Assist fellow members.

Arrest and Exile of Jose Rizal

  • July 6, 1892: Spanish authorities arrested Rizal due to the Liga’s objectives.

  • July 15, 1892: Rizal was deported to Dapitan and remained in exile until the Revolution of 1896.

Rizal's Life in Dapitan

  • Rizal maximized his stay by:

    • Improving artistic and literary skills.

    • Engaging in agricultural and civic projects.

    • Writing to friends in Europe.

Achievements in Various Fields

  • As a Physician:

    • Provided free medicine using local plants, treating mainly underprivileged patients.

  • As an Educator:

    • Established a school in Dapitan, expanding from 3 to 21 boys.

    • Taught multiple subjects including reading, writing, and mathematics.

Contributions to Agriculture

  • Devoted time to planting crops on 16 hectares.

  • Introduced modern agricultural methods and imported machinery.

  • Planned agricultural colony in Sitio Ponot, didn’t materialize.

Business Ventures

  • Engaged in fishing, hemp, and copra industries.

  • Became successful in hemp, shipping the product to Manila.

Artistic Pursuits

  • Modeled for the Sisters of Charity and created sculptures and sketches.

  • Created "The Mother's Revenge" sculpture depicting a dog avenging her puppy.

Scientific Endeavors

  • Explored nature with students, sending specimens to European museums.

  • Discovered three new species:

    • Draco rizali (flying dragon)

    • Apogonia rizali (beetle)

    • Rhacophorus rizali (frog)

Personal Life

  • Brief Romantic Affair with Josephine Bracken:

    • Met in 1895, fell in love, and exchanged vows before God without a priest's approval.

    • Josephine gave birth to a premature baby who lived only three hours.

Involvement in the Katipunan

  • Advised Andres Bonifacio against a premature revolution on May 2, 1896.

  • Expressed concerns about lack of preparation and resources.

Rizal's Volunteer Service to Cuba

  • Offered to serve as a military doctor, response delayed but finally accepted.

  • Departed Dapitan mid-July 1896 but was arrested en route.

Arrest and Trial

  • Arrested for inciting rebellion based on suspicion and telegraphic orders.

  • Wardrobe: Dressed in elegant attire during the trial.

Preliminary Investigation Against Rizal

  • Began on November 20, 1896 with significant documentary evidence against him.

Legal Defense

  • Rizal selected Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade as defense counsel.

    • Formal charges included rebellion, sedition, and illegal association.

Trial Process

  • Trial occurred on December 26, 1896, amidst significant evidence and cautious legal proceedings.

  • Rizal expressed his innocence and outlined his peaceful intentions.

Final Moments

  • Spent final hours writing letters and completing "Mi Último Adiós."

  • Death sentence approved on December 28, 1896, execution set for December 30 at 7:00 AM.

Execution

  • Executed on December 30, 1896, making a calm and dignified procession.

  • Requested to face the firing squad but shot in the back instead.

Burial and Legacy

  • Initially buried in Paco Cemetery without identification.

  • Remains were moved in American occupation, memorialized as a national hero on his death anniversary.

Impact of Rizal’s Death

  • Sparked widespread motivation for revolution against the Spaniards and continues to inspire Filipinos today.

Rizal's Annotations on Antonio de Morga's "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas"

  • About Antonio de Morga:

    • Born 1559 in Sevilla, lawyer, wrote important historical text.

Significance of "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas"

  • Provides first-hand accounts of Spanish colonial ventures and reflects on Filipino culture.

Purpose of Rizal’s Annotations

  • Aimed to awaken Filipino consciousness and correct distorted historical narratives.

Morga's Objectivity

  • Rizal favored Morga's work due to its more objective view compared to religious chronicles.