Untitled Flashcards Set

WEEK 1

Contemporary Music

Major Philippine Contemporary Composers

Francisco Santiago

- “Father of Kundiman”

- finished his music specialization at the American Conservatory of Music in Chicago where he obtained his doctorate degree in 1924

Famous Works : 

∙ Kundiman (Anak Dalita) - This piece was sung before the Royal Court of Spain upon the request of King Alfonso II.

∙ Pakiusap, Madaling Araw, Sakali Man, Pilipinas Kong Mahal, Hibik ng Pilipinas, Ano Kaya ang Kapalaran

Nicanor Abelarndo

- studied at the Chicago music college and was influenced by Serialist/Second Viennese School and Post-Romantic European composers.

- Abelardo, together with Francisco Santiago, elevated the Kundiman status into an Art Song status equivalent to that of the German Lied, the French Chanson, and the Italian Aria.

Famous works:

∙ Mutya ng Pasig

∙ Bituing Marikit

∙ Kundiman ng Luha

∙ Kung Hindi Man

∙ Cavatina for Violin and Piano,

∙ First Nocturne for Piano, and Magbalik Ka Hirang

∙ Nasaan Ka Irog

∙ Ikaw Rin

∙ Pahimakas

∙ Pahiwatig

Antonio Molina

- He is the first National Artist

for Music

- He began his music career as an orchestral soloist at the Manila Grand Opera House

- He served as the dean of Centro Escolar University

- Conservatory of Music from 1948 to 1970

- He was also a faculty member of the University of the Philippines’ Conservatory (now college) of Music.

Famous Works:

- Orchestral Music: Misa Antoniana Grand Festival Mass, Ang Batingaw, Kundiman - kundangan

- Chamber Music: String Quartet, kung sa iyong gunita, Pandangguhan

- Vocal Music: Amihan, Awit ni Maria Clara, and Larawan nitong Pilipinas

Lucio San Pedro 

- Born on February 11, 1913 in Angono, Rizal

- Began composing during elementary school

- Studied the banjo, which sparked his passion for music

- Earned a music degree from the

University of the Philippines and the Juilliard School in New York, USA.

- Became a professor of theory and composition at UP college of music until retirement in 1978

- “Romantic Nationalist” - for blending Philippine folk elements with western forms & harmony

- Most famous work: "Sa Ugoy ng

Duyan," a lullaby composed with

Levi Celerio as the lyricist.

- Invited as judge for Van Cliburn International Piano Competition in 1980

- Declared “National Artist for Music” in 1991 

- Passed away on March 31, 2002

Cipriano “Ryan” Cayabyab

- Born : May 4, 1954 in Manila

- Education : Bachelor of Music degree from the University of the Philippines (1983) : later became a faculty member in composition

- Compositional Style: Influenced by a variety of genres such as Moroccan music, jazz, gospel,

neo-classical European,

Broadway musicals, and

Philippine indigenous chants.

- Albums : Produced and performed in the vocal jazz acapella series (One, One Christmas, One More)

- Roles : Executive and Artistic Director of the San Miguel Foundation for the Performing Arts, overseeing the San Miguel

Philharmonic Orchestra and Master Chorale.

- National Artist : Declared National Artist of Music in 2018

- Continues to work as a professor, musical director, composer, arranger, and conductor.

SUMMARY

- Ryan Cayabyab spans both popular and classical worlds with his popular ballads, musical plays, operas, ballet, zarzuela, orchestral, and choral compositions.

- Lucio San Pedro is known as a “romantic nationalist.” He incorporated Philippine folk elements in his compositions with Western forms and harmony. His chords have a rich expressive tonality, as represented in his well-loved “Sa Ugoy ng Duyan”, a lullaby melody sung by his mother.

- Nicanor Abelardo contributed in elevating the Kundiman as an Art Song form.

- Francisco Santiago is considered as the “Father of Kundiman”.

- Antonio Molina came to be known as the “Father of Philippine

Impressionist Music”.

WEEK 2 and 3

TRADITIONAL MUSIC

Characteristics of Traditional Filipino Music

- Reflects Filipino way of life, beliefs, and rural traditions

- Often celebrates nature & humanity’s connection with the environment

- uses the diatonic scale ( 7 note scale) which distinguishes it from the asian pentatonic scale (5 note scale)

- Influenced by intercultural exchanges and colonization.

Lowland Regions

- Music has spanish influences, especially in Luzon & Visayas

Upland and Indigenous Regions

- Igorot, Ifugao, Muslim, and Lumad music retain unique indigenous elements.

1. Ethnic Music

∙ Gangsa Ensemble

- played by tribes like Kalinga, Ifugao, and Bontoc in the Cordillera

- smooth-surfaced gongs with narrow rims

∙ Kulintang Ensemble

- A set of eight gongs played in Muslim Regions

- gandingan (suspended gongs) & agung (tubular drum)

2. Hispanic Music

∙ Rondalla

- A Spanish-origin string

ensemble popularized in

Filipino folk music with

instruments like guitar, laud,

octavina, and bajo de uñas.

∙ Guitar

-It is the most familiar instrument,

providing the harmony and rhythm that supports the other instruments.

∙ Laud

- It is similar to a guitar but has a shorter neck and is often used to play the higher harmony or melody parts.

∙ Octavina

- It is a stringed instrument resembling a small guitar but with a unique sound that fills out the midrange of the ensemble, adding depth and texture.

∙ Bajo de Uñas

-The group’s bass provides

the low notes, grounding the

harmony and rhythm.

∙ ​​Sarsuwela

- A form of melodrama involving songs and dances, with the rondalla serving as accompaniment.

3. Filipino

∙ Kundiman

- an art song that expresses a man’s love for a woman

- ¾ time, starting in minor key shifting to major key, evoking hopeful mood

∙ Balitao

- A traditional Visayan folk song and dance featuring humorous debates between men & women

∙ Musikong Bumbong (Bamboo Music)

- Bands using bamboo instruments : piccolo, tuba, clarinet, flute, saxophone

- popular at festivals

Examples of Traditional Filipino Instruments

∙ Kudlung 

- 2-stringed wooden lute, used in ritual music

∙ Kudyapi

- A boat-shaped, 2-stringed lute commonly used in folk music.

∙ Serongagandi 

- A bamboo tube decorated and closed at both ends, often played in traditional ceremonies

∙ Saludoy

- Bamboo tube with five strings cut from the tube itself

∙ Afiw

- Brass Instrument held horizontally by the tongue, played with an open mouth.

∙ Balingbing

- Bamboo buzzer that produces a unique sound

Contemporary Philippine Music

• Known as "New Music" or Modern Music.

• Incorporates 20th-century Western music elements and recent trends.

• Reflects influences from global music styles, evolving with the entertainment industry.