Topic 7

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TOPIC 7 — IMPERIALISM AND THE EMERGENCE OF WORLD POWERS, c.1870–1918
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7.1 WHY WAS IMPERIALISM A SIGNIFICANT FORCE IN AFRICA FROM 1870?

• [ ] ☐ Motives for the Scramble for Africa by European countries
  ☐ Economic
  ☐ Religious and cultural — “the civilising mission”
  ☐ National and strategic rivalry

• [ ] ☐ Process of colonisation of Africa
  ☐ Expansion and government of colonies — direct and indirect
  ☐ Activities of European explorers
  ☐ Barth
  ☐ Livingstone
  ☐ Stanley
  ☐ Influence of the advance of technology/science
  ☐ Development of the Suez Canal

• [ ] ☐ Impact of colonialism on Africa
  ☐ Imposition of arbitrary boundaries by colonising powers
  ☐ Human exploitation and abuse — the Belgian Congo
  ☐ Conversion to Christianity
  ☐ Healthcare and education
  ☐ Infrastructure development

• [ ] ☐ Causes and impact of African resistance
  ☐ Anglo-Zulu War of 1879
  ☐ Ndebele rebellion
  ☐ Battle of Adwa
  ☐ Herero War

7.2 WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF IMPERIAL EXPANSION ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS?

• [ ] ☐ The Berlin Conference, 1884–85
  ☐ Purpose
  ☐ Pressures on Bismarck
  ☐ Intentions of different powers
  ☐ Outcome
  ☐ Principle of “effective occupation”
  ☐ Recognising King Leopold’s Congo claim
  ☐ End of slavery
  ☐ Free trade and navigation

• [ ] ☐ Rivalries between colonial powers
  ☐ Britain and Germany
  ☐ Weltpolitik
  ☐ Naval rivalry
  ☐ Tension over South Africa
  ☐ France and Britain over the Sudan
  ☐ Fashoda Incident
  ☐ France and Germany over Morocco

• [ ] ☐ Attempts to resolve tensions between imperial nations after 1900
  ☐ End of Britain’s “splendid isolation”
  ☐ Anglo-French Entente
  ☐ Algeciras Conference
  ☐ Convention of November 1911 that ended the Agadir Crisis

• [ ] ☐ The situation in 1914
  ☐ Extent of European empires
  ☐ Influence on European alliances
  ☐ Contemporary views and verdicts

7.3 WHY DID JAPAN EMERGE AS A WORLD POWER AND WHAT WAS THE IMPACT ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS?

• [ ] ☐ Japanese relations with Western powers in the nineteenth century
  ☐ Commodore Perry’s mission
  ☐ Unequal treaties

• [ ] ☐ Reasons for rapid modernisation and military development
  ☐ Meiji Restoration
  ☐ Industrialisation
  ☐ Adoption of Western technology
  ☐ Education

• [ ] ☐ International recognition of Japan as a world power
  ☐ Japanese foreign policy objectives
  ☐ Relations with Korea
  ☐ Anglo-Japanese Treaty, 1902
  ☐ Causes
  ☐ Consequences
  ☐ Russo-Japanese War, 1904–05
  ☐ Reasons for Japan’s victory

• [ ] ☐ Japan’s role in the First World War and global position by 1918
  ☐ Contribution to global war
  ☐ Role in the Pacific
  ☐ Seizure of German possessions
  ☐ Intervention in Russian Civil War

7.4 WHY DID THE USA EMERGE AS A WORLD POWER AND WHAT WAS THE IMPACT ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS?

• [ ] ☐ Changing attitudes to overseas expansion
  ☐ Impact of the closing of the frontier on US foreign policy
  ☐ Development of naval power
  ☐ Mahan’s “The Influence of Sea Power upon History”
  ☐ Building of the Great White Fleet
  ☐ Rapid economic growth
  ☐ Economic cycle and the Panic of 1893
  ☐ Building of the Panama Canal

• [ ] ☐ Reasons for, and impact of, the Spanish-American War, 1898
  ☐ Increasing US interest in Central and Latin America
  ☐ Yellow journalism
  ☐ Sinking of the Maine
  ☐ Taft and Dollar Diplomacy

• [ ] ☐ Reasons for, and impact of, the Philippine-American War, 1899–1902
  ☐ US expansion into the Pacific
  ☐ Controversy over US motives and actions
  ☐ Filipino resistance

• [ ] ☐ Reasons for, and impact of, the USA’s entry into the First World War
  ☐ US relations with Germany, Britain and France
  ☐ Wilson’s policy
  ☐ Anti-war pressure groups
  ☐ Actions of German U-boats
  ☐ Sinking of the Lusitania
  ☐ Zimmerman Telegram
  ☐ Impact of US intervention