Norton University Faculty of Health Sciences University Exam Study Notes
Norton University Faculty of Health Sciences: Year I Second Semester Exam Overview
This document provides an exhaustive reference for the material covered in the Year I Second Semester Examination for the Faculty of Health Sciences at Norton University, Kingdom of Cambodia. The exam duration is set for and comprises sections on Grammar, Vocabulary, and Reading Comprehension. These notes serve as a definitive study guide for student preparation.
Section A: English Grammar Principles
Grammar section I focuses on several key areas of English proficiency including verb tenses, prepositions, comparatives, superlatives, and modal verbs. The following rules and examples are derived from the examination content:
Verb Tenses and Usage
Present Simple: Used for habitual actions or permanent states. - "My friend wanted to have a pet." - "Don't give Tyty any cheese. She hates it!" (Note: "Hate" is a stative verb). - "Once a week, my daughter goes to an art class at the college." - "I have lunch in the cafeteria every day." - "The children play in the playground on Sundays."
Present Continuous: Used for actions happening exactly now or scheduled future arrangements. - "Where is your daughter now? She is studying in the library." - "What are you doing now? I am writing a novel." - "We are having dinner with our friends tonight."
Past Simple and Past Continuous: Used for completed past actions or actions in progress in the past. - "We had a nice holiday last summer." - "I was listening to music while I was driving." - "Jenny saw her friend when she was driving."
Prepositions and Location Markers
On: Used for levels of a building. Example: "The toilets are on the ground floor."
In: Used for enclosed spaces. Example: "I always keep money in my pocket."
Outside: Used for external locations. Example: "We will go outside to see the movie tonight."
Comparatives and Superlatives
Comparatives: used for comparing two entities. Example: "Her mom is older than her uncle." "Thy and Pheak’s English is better than their classmates."
Superlatives: Used to describe an object at the upper or lower limit of a quality. Example: "Cambodia has the most beautiful temple in the world."
Modals and Conditionals
Question Tags: Used to confirm information. Example: "You are rich, aren't you?"
Probability and Ability: "I think I will not be able to join the party tonight." "I am not feeling well, so I might go to see the doctor after class."
Advice: "I think you should see the doctor."
Conditionals: The exam requires proficiency in "Zero Conditional" (general truths) and "First Conditional" (real possibilities).
Section B: Medical and Physiological Vocabulary
This section defines essential medical terms categorized by anatomical structures, healthcare roles, diagnostic tools, and pathological conditions.
Anatomical Structures and Systems
Abdomen: The part of the body of a vertebrate containing the digestive and reproductive organs.
Aorta: A major blood vessel that starts at the heart and delivers blood to all other arteries.
Artery: A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
Intestine: The portion of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus.
Limb: An arm or a leg of a person; a part of the human body that functions to move or perform actions like running or grabbing.
Nervous System: The organized network of nerve tissue in the body; specifically, the network of nerve cells and fibers which transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.
Plasma: The liquid part of the body that carries blood cells and other substances throughout the system.
Healthcare Professionals and Specialists
Cardiologist: A doctor who specializes in the study or treatment of heart disease.
Dermatologist: A medical doctor who specializes in conditions that affect the skin, hair, and nails.
Gynaecologist: A physician or surgeon qualified to practice in gynaecology (the study of female reproductive organs).
Lab Technician: A person who performs the practical hands-on work in laboratories.
Paediatrician: A medical practitioner specializing in children and their diseases.
Paramedic: A person who is trained to do medical work, especially in an emergency setting.
Staff Nurse: A qualified nurse who is either a permanent member of a ward or working there on a temporary basis.
Surgeon: A medical doctor who is specially trained to perform operations to treat injuries, diseases, or deformities.
Triage Nurse: An experienced registered nurse capable of demonstrating medical expertise in emergency settings to prioritize patient care.
Pathological Conditions and Symptoms
Bedridden: Unable to get out of bed due to illness or weakness.
Blister: A small bubble on the skin filled with serum, caused by friction, burning, or other damage.
Bruise: A discoloration of the skin caused by bleeding under the skin due to injury or trauma.
Clot: A thick, almost solid mass formed when blood dries or becomes thicker.
Coma: A prolonged state of deep unconsciousness, caused especially by severe injury or illness.
Constipation: Having a difficult time passing stool or difficulty pooping.
Dengue: A condition caused by a virus carried by mosquitoes.
Diabetic: A person who has diabetes, a medical condition where the body has trouble regulating blood sugar (glucose) levels.
Diarrhoea: Loose, watery, and possibly more frequent bowel movements.
Disease: A particular abnormal condition that affects part or all of an organism.
Dizzy: Having or involving a sensation of spinning around and losing one’s balance.
Fatal: Resulting in or causing death.
Nausea: An uncomfortable feeling in the back of the throat or an uneasiness in the stomach, often preceding vomiting.
Numbness: A feeling in which one cannot sense or perceive sensations, such as coldness, in the feet, hands, or other body parts.
Obese / Obesity: Having excess body fat to the point where it may negatively affect health; the condition of being over the recommended weight limit leading to severe health complications.
Pneumonia: An inflammatory condition of the lungs characterized by infection and inflammation in the air sacs.
Medical Tools, Equipment, and Procedures
Anesthetic: A substance which causes lack of awareness or feeling, permitting surgery or other painful procedures.
Bandage: A piece of cloth or material used to cover a wound to stop bleeding, prevent infection, and aid faster healing.
Cubicle: A small space with walls or curtains around it, separate from the rest of a room, providing privacy for patients when changing or receiving treatment.
Hypodermic Needle: A tool used for blood administration, transfusions, or injections.
Physiotherapy: The treatment of injuries through special exercises.
Prescription: A piece of paper on which a doctor writes details of the medicine or drugs a patient requires.
Pressure Pad: A device or object designed to redistribute or relieve pressure, particularly in medical settings.
Scalpel: A small, very sharp knife used by doctors during operations to cut through skin and tissue.
Splint: A rigid device (made of wood, metal, plastic, or rubber) used to support an injured or broken limb or fracture to prevent excessive movement.
Medical Disciplines and Facilities
Gynecology: The branch of medicine in which doctors study and treat medical conditions affecting women and their reproductive organs.
Mortuary: A room in a hospital where dead bodies are taken and stored.
Neurology: The study concerning the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system.
Pulse: The number of times the heart beats in one minute.
Ward: A hospital room designated for patients.
Section C: Reading Comprehension
(This section is a placeholder in the exam paper and requires students to analyze and interpret medical or general texts to demonstrate understanding and analytical skills within a clinical or linguistic context.)