, History of American Policing

Meaning of 'Police'
- Derived from the Latin word 'Politia', which means 'Civil Administration'.
- Significance: It defines police as a Civil Power of Government, distinct from Military power of government or Private Enforcement.
From Private to Public Policing
- Kin Policing:
  - One of the earliest known methods of policing.
  - Involved families, clans, and tribes enforcing informal rules and customs.
  - Each member had authority to enforce rules.
  - Individuals deviating from norms were often dealt with harshly.
- This method began to change during the rise of the Greek city-states and the Roman Empire.
Early Policing - Roman Empire
- Little is known about very early policing methods.
- Praetorian Guard (Rome):
  - Considered the first 'police officers'.
  - Established by Emperor Augustus Caesar in the Roman Empire.
  - Selected from special, highly qualified members of the military.
  - Roles: Protecting the palace and the emperor.
Modern-Style Policing
- Emerged in the $19^{th}$ century in England.
- $1829$ : Formation of the London Metropolitan Police in England, marking a significant step towards modern policing.

Early England - Foundations
- Shire-reeve (Sheriff):
  - The King formed large administrative groups in a geographic region called 'shires'.
  - These shires were governed by the 'shire-reeve', the origin of the modern 'Sheriff' title.
- Watch and Ward Period: This period saw a rudimentary form of metropolitan policing emerge.
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