Study Notes on the Concept of Sovereignty in Transatlantic Relations

Introduction to Sovereignty in Transatlantic Relations

Author: Małgorzata Zachara
Source: Politeja, No. 46 (2017), pp. 283-306
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26213956
Research Project: "Polska w stosunkach transatlantyckich – narzędzia, perspektywy i znaczenie Polski w kształtowaniu debaty transatlantyckiej" funded by the National Science Centre in Poland.

Abstract

The article by Małgorzata Zachara discusses the concept of sovereignty, particularly in transatlantic relations, and its implications in the context of globalization and international politics. It raises critical questions about whether traditional notions of sovereignty are collapsing or adapting to new political realities.

Key Themes of the Article

  • National sovereignty and its definition

  • The impact of globalization

  • The evolving nature of governance

  • Comparisons between U.S. and European interpretations of sovereignty

The Significance of Sovereignty in International Relations

Sovereignty is a pivotal concept in both the theory and practice of international relations, characterized by its sensitivity and extensive discussion. The post-Westphalian concept illustrates the emergence of sovereignty as a framework for state authority and governance.

The Debates Surrounding Sovereignty

  • Jens Bartelson posits that sovereignty in political science is akin to substance in philosophy; it's an underlying principle shaping practices.

  • Historical contributions from Bodin and Hobbes are still referenced, indicating a legacy that continues to inform current debates.

  • Modern challenges to sovereignty arise from globalization, economic integration, and technological advancements.

Dimensions of Sovereignty

Zachara outlines four primary dimensions of sovereignty:

  1. Westphalian/Vattelian Sovereignty:

    • Represents self-governance within defined territorial boundaries.

    • Affirms the right of states to exclude external interference in their internal affairs.

  2. International Legal Sovereignty:

    • Denotes the legal independence of states to engage in international agreements and interactions.

    • Established as a core principle of the international system.

  3. Domestic Sovereignty:

    • Involves the internal organization and regulation of activities within a state’s borders.

  4. Interdependence Sovereignty:

    • Pertains to the ability of a state to control movements of capital, goods, and people across its borders.

    • Reflects the realities of globalization where states lose some control over transnational interactions.

Historical Context of Sovereignty

The modern conception of sovereignty is closely tied to the Peace of Westphalia, which marked the emergence of state sovereignty in Europe by instituting principles of territorial integrity and political authority. The ensuing evolution in the 20th century demonstrated sovereignty's resilience against the forces of globalization, with the U.S. and the EU emerging as key players in international governance.

Post-War Changes in Governance

  • Post-World War II developments involved delegating certain governing powers to international organizations, notably the United Nations, and institutions promoting European integration.

  • New legal frameworks, such as the Treaty of Rome and NAFTA, reshaped international relations and the concept of sovereignty.

Impact of Globalization on State Sovereignty

Globalization has resulted in the evolution of nation-states, compelling them to respond to complex interdependence and transnational dynamics. This shift complicates traditional understandings of sovereignty, with increasing pressure from non-state actors, including multinational corporations and NGOs.

Security and Sovereignty Post-9/11

The events of September 11, 2001, led to a resurgence in discussions of sovereignty linked to national security, evident in political narratives surrounding U.S. independence and the framing of immigration policy.

Dual Nature of Contemporary Sovereignty

While the concept of sovereignty appears to be under threat from globalization and transnational dynamics, it is simultaneously being reaffirmed in areas such as national security and economic policy. The growing complexities highlight a critical tension between maintaining state authority and adapting to global processes.

Divergence in Interpretation

Differences between U.S. and European interpretations of sovereignty can lead to friction, underscoring a need for convergence in understanding and implementing policies regarding sovereignty.

The Future of Sovereignty in Transatlantic Relations

The article concludes that sovereignty is not at its end but is transforming to meet new global challenges. Competition for influence continues as states reassess their roles amidst significant economic and political integration initiatives, such as the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP).

Balancing Integration and Sovereignty

Zachara presents a nuanced perspective on integration within a transatlantic context, suggesting that decision-makers opt for integration based on rational calculations of benefits. Simultaneously, ongoing tensions indicate a struggle within the sovereignty discourse as states navigate their priorities between traditional autonomy and collaborative governance.

Bibliography

  1. Abdelal, R. (2001). National Purpose in the World Economy. Post-Soviet States in the Comparative Perspective.

  2. Annan, K. (1999). Two Concepts of Sovereignty. The Economist, September 18.

  3. Bartelson, J. (1995). A Genealogy of Sovereignty. Cambridge: Cambridge Studies in International Relations.

  4. Bell, D. (1973). The Coming of Post-Industrial Society. A Venture in Social Forecasting.

  5. Bodin, J. (1992). On Sovereignty. Four Chapters from the Six Books of the Commonwealth, ed. and trans. by J. H. Franklin.

  6. Cooper, R. (1980). The Economics of Interdependence. Economic Policy in the Atlantic Community.