INTRO TO PE

PATHFit 1: Physical Activities Toward Health and Fitness 1

Physical Fitness - is the body’s ability to function effectively and efficiently, allowing a person to maintain good health and perform everyday activities with ease.

Parts of Physical Fitness

There are two main parts:

A. Health-Related Fitness

Focuses on overall well-being and daily life function.

Body Composition – proportion of fat, muscle, bone, and other tissues in the body.

Cardiorespiratory Endurance – ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen during activity.

Flexibility – ability of joints to move through their range of motion.

– ability of muscles to perform repeatedly without tiring quickly.

Power – ability to exert force quickly.

Strength – ability of muscles to exert force.

B. Skill-Related Fitness

Focuses on athletic performance and sports.

Speed – ability to move quickly.

Balance – ability to maintain body stability.

Agility – ability to change direction quickly and effectively.

Coordination – ability to use different body parts together smoothly.

Reaction Time – how quickly a person responds to a stimulus.

Importance of Physical Education

Develops fitness habits and overall physical development.

Improves motor skills, strength, cardiovascular health, flexibility, and coordination.

Promotes the physical and mental benefits of regular exercise.

Encourages students to develop an active and healthy lifestyle.

Movement Competency - the ability to perform and control body movements effectively and appropriately during physical activities.

Anatomical Position - is the standard reference position for describing body movements.

• Standing upright

• Head facing forward

• Arms at the sides

• Palms facing forward

• Feet facing forward

Types of Body Movements

1. Flexion - decreases the angle of a joint.

Examples:

Bending the elbow

Bending the knee

Lowering into a squat

2. Extension - increases the angle of a joint.

Examples:

Straightening the elbow

Straightening the knee

Standing from a squat

3. Abduction - movement away from the body's midline.

Examples:

Raising the arms sideways

Moving the legs apart

4. Adduction - movement toward the body's midline.

Examples:

Bringing the arms back to the sides

Bringing the legs together

5. Circumduction - a circular movement of a limb.

Combines: Flexion → Abduction → Extension → Adduction

Examples:

Arm circles

Shoulder circles

Hip circles

6. Rotation - a bone turns around its axis.

Examples:

Turning the head

Rotating the shoulder

Rotating the hip

Types:

Medial/Internal Rotation – movement toward the body's midline

Lateral/External Rotation – movement away from the body's midline

7. Forearm Movements

Pronation - palm turns downward/backward.

Supination - palm turns upward/forward.

8. Ankle Movements

Dorsiflexion - toes move upward toward the lower leg.

Plantar Flexion - foot points downward.

9. Foot Movements

Inversion - sole turns toward the body's midline.

Eversion - sole turns away from the body's midline.

10. Scapula Movements

Protraction - shoulder blades move forward, away from the spine.

Retraction - shoulder blades move backward, toward the spine.

11. Up-and-Down Movements

Elevation - movement upward.

Depression - movement downward.

12. Thumb Movements

Opposition - movement of the thumb across the palm toward the fingers.

Reposition - thumb returns to its original position.