DCUSH Exam 5 Review

  1. In addition to sit-ins, what was true of other forms of direct action by civil rights groups?

Included “Wade Ins” where black activists attempted to integrate southern beaches, and “Freedom Rides”, where  integrated groups rode interstate busses into the south

  1. Why did many of the African-American civil rights protesters who marched in June 1963 in more than 186 cities hope to be arrested? 

The point of the protests were to illustrate the punitive nature of southern Jim Crow Justice

  1. What was one of President Kennedy’s first acts designed to combat communism? 

Established the Peace Corps

  1. What did President John F. Kennedy have in common with his predecessor, Dwight D. Eisenhower?

They both viewed the entire world through the lens of the Cold War

  1. What event forced President Kennedy to take meaningful actions in support of the civil rights movement? 

Kings demonstrations in birmingham


6. What set Lyndon B. Johnson apart from his predecessor, John F. Kennedy?.

He knew the meaning of poverty and racial injustice from his own life experiences


7. Why did the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) emerge at the Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City in 1964? 

The MFDP challenged the states democratic party’s claim that it represented mississippi fairly


8. What did Republican Barry Goldwater view as a threat to freedom?
The New Deal Welfare State


9. What did the results of the presidential election of 1964 demonstrate?
Showed strong support for Lyndon B Johnson and his civil rights and social programs


10. What did the students in the New Left movement feel was missing from American liberalism in the 1960s?
The practice of true participatory democracy


11. Why did the United States continue to support South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem’s corrupt and weak regime? 

Kennedy & Johnson feared losing vietnam to communism


12. What were the consequences of the Stonewall Riot in New York in 1969? 

Led to a formation of the LGBT+ organizations and the first pride parade


13. What was the Supreme Court ruling in Miranda v. Arizona (1966)? 

That law enforcement must inform suspects of their rights before interrogation, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney. 


14. What was the Supreme Court ruling in Roe v. Wade (1973)?

A women’s right to choose whether or not to continue pregnancy


15. What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke?
That the use of racial quotas in college admissions was unconstitutional


16. Why did the CIA seek to destabilize the government of Chile after 1970?
The country elected socialist Salvador Allende into office and the U.S. sought to prevent the coup of General Augusto 


17. What was meant by Nixon’s policy of Vietnamization?
Aimed to gradually withdraw U.S. troops from vietnam and transfer combat responsibilities to the south Vietnamese forces, allowing them to take over their own defense.


18. What were the results of the U.S. invasion of Cambodia in 1970?

The expansion of the vietnam war, increased anti-war protests in the U.S. , the destabilization of Cambodia, and the Rise of the Khmer Rouge. 


19. How did American involvement in Vietnam end in 1975?

When North Vietnamese forces captured Saigon, leading to the fall of the South Vietnamese government and the end of the vietnam war. 


20.What was the target of the burglars who were arrested during the Watergate break-in in 1972?

The Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters


21.What did the events surrounding the Watergate break-in and cover-up suggest about Richard Nixon? 

That he was involved in unethical and illegal activities, leading to concerns about his abuse of power and trust.


22.Why had it been premature for liberals to celebrate the downfall of their political adversary Richard Nixon?
Watergate undermined public confidence in the merits of the federal government


23.What led to the congressional discovery that the FBI had spied on millions of Americans in the 1960s?
The Church Committee Investigations


24.What causes the economic condition known as stagflation?
Slow economic growth, high unemployment, high inflation


25.What helped Jimmy Carter win the presidential race in the 1976 election?
By presenting himself as a washington outsider, emphasizing integrity post-watergate, and appealing to southern voters as a white southerner



26. How did the experiences of the 1960s shape America’s neoconservatives?
Neoconservatives came to believe that even best-intentioned social programs did more harm than good


27. What setback did the advocates of the Roe v. Wade decision suffer in 1976?
Congress overrode Ford’s veto and ended federal funding for abortion in the medicaid program


28. What motivated the Sagebrush Rebellion?
A rising tide of anti government sentiment


29. What was a consequence of Reagan’s economic policies?
Increase in national debt due to tax cuts and increased military spending, high inflation, unemployment


30. What was the Iran-Contra Affair?

A secret U.S. operation in the 1980’s where the reagan administration illegally sold weapons to Iran and used the money to fund contra rebels in Nicaragua

31.What contradiction did the Reagan presidency reveal about modern conservatism?

Enriched investors and CEO’s but eviscerated the economics and communities of the industrial heartland.



But freedom is not enough. . . .
We seek not just freedom but opportunity. We seek not just legal equality but human ability, not just equality as a right and a theory but equality as a fact and equality as a result.
For the task is to give 20 million Negroes the same chance as every other American to learn and grow, to work and share in society, to develop their abilities. . .
. . .equal opportunity is essential, but not enough. . . . Men and women of all races are born with the same range of abilities. . . . Ability is stretched or stunted by the family that you live with, and the neighborhood you live in—by the school you go to and the poverty or the richness of your surroundings.

Lyndon Johnson, Commencement Address at Howard University, 1965


  1. What branch of government helped to realize the decisions of the 1960s?

Executive or Judicial

  1. What were a result of Johnson’s Great Society efforts to end racial segregation?

Civil rights act of 1964 and the Voting rights act of 1965

  1. What was one significant criticism of Johnson’s ideas on civil rights?

High minded ideas did not appeal to baby boomers

Too much government intervention



Today...we remember the life... of Martin Luther King, Jr., who gave himself totally to the nonviolent struggle for peace and justice...We hate the agribusiness system that seeks to keep us enslaved, and we shall overcome and change it...by a determined nonviolent struggle carried by those masses of farm workers.

Cesar Chavez, Letter from Delano, 1969

  1. What provided much of the inspiration for Cesar Chavez and other leaders of the migrant farm workers?

MLK’s nonviolent approach, civil rights movement, Mahatma Gandhi

  1. How does Chavez’s letter reflect Chicano support for migrant workers and immigrants?

It shows support for nonviolent resistance against exploitation and demands better conditions for farm workers

  1. Which earlier immigrant group was sometimes compared to slave labor in the same way Chavez does here?

Chinese Immigrants in railroads


For too many years, we’ve been willing to adopt the flawed and erroneous principles and tactics of our adversaries, sometimes abandoning our own values for theirs. We fought fire with fire, never thinking that fire is better quenched with water. . . .

First we have reaffirmed America’s commitment to human rights as a fundamental tenet of our foreign policy. What draws us together, perhaps more than anything else, is a belief in human freedom. We want the world to know that our Nation stands for more than financial prosperity. This does not mean that we can conduct our foreign policy by rigid moral maxims. . . . Throughout the world today, in free nations and in totalitarian countries as well, there is a preoccupation with the subject of human freedom, human rights. And I believe it is incumbent on us in this country to keep that discussion, that debate, that contention alive. No other country is as well-qualified as we to set an example.

President Jimmy Carter, On Human Rights, 1977

  1. President Jimmy Carter’s ideas about human rights in U.S. foreign policy were a direct response to American support for authoritarian regimes in what part of the world?

Latin America

  1. Jimmy Carter’s speech addresses debates about what two topics?

Human rights and Foreign Policy

  1. What did Ronald Reagan do to Carter’s ideas about human rights in U.S. foreign policy?

Shifted away from human rights and prioritized anti-communism








Behind me stands a wall that encircles the free sectors of this city, part of a vast system of barriers that divides the entire continent of Europe. From the Baltic, south, those barriers cut across Germany in a gash of barbed wire, concrete, dog runs, and guard towers. . . .
In the 1950s, Khrushchev predicted: “We will bury you.” But in the West today, we see a free world that has achieved a level of prosperity and well-being unprecedented in all human history. In the Communist world, we see failure, technological backwardness, declining standards of health, even want of the most basic kind—too little food. Even today, the Soviet Union still cannot feed itself. After these four decades, then, there stands before the entire world one great and inescapable conclusion: Freedom leads to prosperity. Freedom replaces the ancient hatreds among the nations with comity and peace. Freedom is the victor. . . .
As I looked out a moment ago from the Reichstag, that embodiment of German unity, I noticed words crudely spray-painted upon the wall, perhaps by a young Berliner: “This wall will fall. Beliefs become reality.” Yes, across Europe, this wall will fall. For it cannot withstand faith; it cannot withstand truth. The wall cannot withstand freedom.

Ronald Reagan, “Tear Down This Wall,” 1987


  1. How do East and West Germany compare to North and South Korea in regards to this quote?

Like east & west germany, North and south korea are divided, 

north= economic struggle, authoritarian rule

South= democracy and capitalism

  1. How do the spread of the adoption of Free Market Capitalism and Capitalism best describe the fundamental values articulated in by Reagan in this speech?

Reagan emphasizes that freedom and capitalism leads to prosperity, contrasting with the failure of communist economies

  1. How did Reagan’s speech foreshadow the United States’ victory in the Cold War?

Predicted the fall of communism, which happened shortly after the collapse of the Berlin Wall & Soviet Union






This combination of covenantal thinking, conviction of divine mission, and profound awareness of human fallibility have marked American political institutions and movements from the Mayflower Compact to the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, through the New Deal and New Frontier and Great Society, to the rise of the Moral Majority and the Christian Coalition and the construction of the Republican Party’s 1994 Contract With America.

William Martin, With God on Our Side: The Rise of the Religious Right in America, 1996


  1. What was the most significant cause of the movement described in this excerpt?

Rise of Religious Right, bringing conservative christian values into politics

  1. Based on this concept in this quote, what do you think Reagan’s stance would be on the controversial topic of abortion?

He would oppose it, since religious right emphasized pro-life views

  1. Based on this concept in this quote, what do you think Reagan’s stance would be on marriage equality?

He would oppose it