Chapter 7 MUSCULAR system

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Learning Objectives

After careful study of this chapter, you should be able to:

  1. Compare the three types of muscle tissue. (p. 124)
  2. Describe three functions of skeletal muscle. (p. 124)
  3. Describe the structure of a skeletal muscle to the level of individual cells. (p. 125)
  4. Outline the steps in skeletal muscle contraction. (p. 126)
  5. List compounds stored in muscle cells that are used to generate energy. (p. 129)
  6. Explain what happens in muscle cells contracting anaerobically. (p. 130)
  7. Cite the effects of exercise on muscles. (p. 130)
  8. Compare isotonic and isometric contractions. (p. 131)
  9. Explain how muscles work together to produce movement. (p. 132)
  10. Compare the workings of muscles and bones to lever systems. (p. 133)
  11. Explain how muscles are named. (p. 134)
  12. Name some of the major muscles in each muscle group, and describe the locations and functions of each. (p. 134)
  13. Describe how muscles change with age. (p. 144)
  14. Using information in the text, list the major muscles involved in walking and breathing, muscles that are typically affected in cases of muscular dystrophy. (pp. 123, 145)
  15. Show how word parts are used to build words related to the muscular system. (see Word Anatomy at the end of the chapter, p. 147)

TYPES OF MUSCLE

Muscle tissue can be categorized into three main types:

Skeletal Muscle
  • Characteristics:
      - Control: Voluntary
      - Cell Structure: Long and cylindrical; multinucleated
      - Appearance: Heavily striated
  • Function: Responsible for body movement; contraction is rapid.
  • Location: Attached to bones and skin.
Cardiac Muscle
  • Characteristics: