Sociology Unit 1

  1. Society: group of people who share culture/territory 

  2. 3 ways a sociologist looks at society: general in particular, strange in familiar, and change 

  3. Status: certain positions have more advantage in a society then others

  4. Inconvenient Facts: evidence that counters what we feel, wish, or accept to be true about the world

  5. Institutions: They provide structure, stability, and order

  6. Auguste Comte & Law of 3 Stages: use scientific observation to study. Concept of positivism by means of scientific knowledge, Theological, metaphysical, positive stage

  7. Emile Durkheim & Pre-Modern vs Modern: Pre-Modern Society: Traditional societies, held together by homogeneity because off similar jobs/opportunities & Modern Society: Composed of people with different jobs/functions that creates a healthy society 

  8. Ferdinand Tonnies & Gemeinschaft vs Gesellschaft: Gemeinschaft: Individual and such groups share similar culture, language, manner, and laws & Gesellschaft: Society based on relationships based on modern/urban societies

  9. Max Weber & Non-Rational Behavior vs Rational Behavior: traditional societies based on rationals and non rationals 

  10. Herbert Spencer & Social Darwinism: Theory: Wanted to explain the development and progress of human societies over time , In all of this change/uncertainty how/why humans evolved to it?, When one country invades another, the evolution of the invaded country will change due to society growth 

  11. W.E.B. Dubois & Double Consciousness and Race Conflict: Believes in the equality of people and wanted to dominate over the racial

  12. Karl Marx & Class Conflict:  the struggle between the working class and the capitalist class, is the driving force of history

  13. Jane Addams & Applied Science/Social Work: study society through active engagement and worked in a place to show that

  14. Manifest functions: The intended and often recognized function & main or og function. 

  15. Latent functions: The unintended or unrecognized function 

  16. Dysfunctions: negative consequences that occur 

  17. Roles: various people who play a part. 

  18. Subgroups: different segments of an institution

  19. Values: unique feelings, beliefs, behaviors 

  20. Norms: things perceived as “normal,” what we are supposed to do

  21. 3 Perspectives (Paradigms) of Sociology (Know sociologist and ideas for each perspective.)

Structural Functionalism: emile durkheim & herbert spencer, Sees society as a complex ecosystem, whose parts work together to create stability and order

Conflict Theory: W.E.B & Karl & Harritiet: Sees society as a constant struggle for power and resources among groups (race, gender, and class)

Symbolic Interactionist: Charles & George: People make decisions based on these interactions and assumptions made