Unit 4 Part 2 EQs

How have religious conversions been unifying and dividing?

  • They have unified the common people, they congregate at meetings - including women and black people

  • everyone has a voice and can become preachers, Ex: Charles Finney was a common man with little educational background but was able to use this to his advantage- used common/ simple language and mainly emotions to connect to more people and get a greater audience

  • Dividing: the creation of new Christian Denominations created many conflicts between the new and old ones

  • Ex: Mormonism was not excepted in NY and they were forced to flee west (established new civilization in Utah) after catholics killed their leader

How has the Age of the Common Man affected the spread and the popularity of Evangelism (include Charles Finney as an example)?

  • The age of the common man inspired more common people to believe in their own potential and merit w/o education, inspired more common people

  • these preachings were majorly accessible to the public

  • Finney was a common man, not very well educated and yet still became a great influence 

  • people can improve themselves, if you can self education and do all this politic, you can improve the country

  • if you have belief in yourself → you believe in god

What effects did the Market Revolution (instability) have on religious beliefs, societies, and gender roles, education?

  • Gender: was a time of familial instability, people moving west and also into factories, women were worried about their place in society- this established the separate spheres and cult of domesticity- women and men had distinct jobs in this new economy, isolating them

  • utopian societies were created to be “perfect” in sinful times, Ex: Brook Farms was created in Massachusetts, it was socialist and every person contributed to the community as much as they wanted

  • religious beliefs: Mormonism was created because they felt that they did not fit into modern times; Transcendentalism, value of nature and personal connectino to nature, rejected the gown of industry- it was polluting the earth, we need to live simply

  • Education: Horace Mann believed that the instability of the Market Revolution would lead to changing social values of children, established many public schools to enforce these concepts + protect democracy

How is this Second Great Awakening different from the First

  • the second accounts for individual salvation, people can save themseleves

  • especially big on social reform- help sinful America

  • innate goodness in everyone

How has the rise of Democracy encouraged the education revolution?

  • Horace Mann believes that education will prevent instability in social values during Market Revolution

What were some connections between the Abolitionist and Gender Equality Movements?

  • The Grimke Sisters advocated for both sides

  • the Philadelphia Female Antislavery Society 

What were the values of the new Utopian Societies?

  • perfectionism

  • community without class structure

  • valued gender equality

  • Examples: Brooks Farms and Oneida Community 

How did immigration affect the growth of Nativism?

How did reformers respond to the growth of slavery, industrialization, and democratization?

  • Industrialization: Mormons+ Oneida Community +  Brooks Farm

Separate spheres: Women’s reform movement- Seneca Falls Conference (they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments and argued for equal rights as men in education, property, and suffrage) 

  • Democratization: (Education) Horace Mann believed that school instilled social values+ protected democracy through individual opportunities for all 

Describe the change in values throughout the Antebellum Movement.

What were the effects of Manifest Destiny on the annexation of Texas and California?

  • more Americans wanted to expand in to Texas and California because they felt that it was their fate as a country

  • more advocacy for the annexation of TX

What were some tensions created between Mexico and America (1840s)?

  • America annexed Texas after it became independent, Mexico grew angry and they began fighting over territory around El Rio Grande

Explain the new social hierarchy emerging from the Market Revolution.

  • Elites: business owners that controls industries + factories

  • Middle class: started the Reformation Movement, people that were richer than the working class and had professions such as teachers, lawyers, doctors- they believed that the alcoholism of the Lower class was hindering productivity in America, valued education, religion, and sobriety

  • Lower class: working class in factories and had low wages, mainly young women + immigrants