1940 notes

Color Televisions

The inventor of televisions was Jon Logie Baird in 1920.
The inventor of color televisions was Philo Farnsworth in 1939.
Philo Farnsworth first displayed The Adventures of Superman at New York’s World Fair.
The first color television was approved by the Federal Communications Commission.
The first color television was made by the Radio Corporation of America.
The cost of the first color television was $1000.
The main component in color televisions is the cathode ray tube.
The three colors for color televisions are red, green, and blue because they create other colors.
Color televisions work when a satellite gets information about sound and pictures; the satellite or antenna sends electron beams that illuminate the phosphor dots on the screen to produce the desired image.

LCD TVs use liquid crystals to make light and produce the channel you want to watch.
LED TVs use light-emitting diodes to create vibrant colors and energy-efficient displays, enhancing the viewing experience with better contrast and brightness.

The Z3 Computer was created in the 1940s by Conrad Zuse, a German engineer referred to as the father of computer science.
The Z3 was an important device because it could perform complex calculations and was also significant for its speed in calculations for scientists and engineers.
The Z3 computer consists of about 2000 metal parts and used electrical signals.

The Z3 recognizes only two states: On/Off, dealing with electric signals that can either be On or Off.
Binary code recognizes 0 and 1; each digit is called a bit.
For example, the letter 'A' can be represented as 01000001.
Instructions were written in punched cards, and it could perform calculations up to 22 binary digits.

ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.
The ENIAC was used to perform complex calculations for the military and was created by John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert in 1943 at the University of Pennsylvania.
It was massive, weighing 30 tons and occupying 1500 square feet.
The ENIAC could calculate trajectories 2400 times faster than a human.
The first programming of the ENIAC was performed by six women.

The Aqualung was created by Jacques Cousteau and Émile Gagnan in the 1940s to help divers explore the oceans and breathe longer.
The tank is filled with compressed air for the divers to breathe and includes a regulator to control the flow of air and a mouthpiece.
There are six components that make up the Aqualung: hose, mouthpiece, valve, harness, backplate, and tank.

Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 and began being used widely for fighting infections in 1942.
Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain played crucial roles in the development of penicillin; it was first used in 1942 by Boston doctors to treat burn victims.
In 1945, Fleming, along with Florey and Chain, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Penicillin works by attacking the cell wall of bacteria, weakening it and allowing the body to eliminate these weakened bacteria.

The kidney dialysis machine was invented to save the lives of individuals with kidney problems by Dr. Willem Kolff.
It imitates kidney function, removing blood from the body, purifying it, and returning clean blood.
The first successful kidney dialysis machine was made in 1943.

Sir Robert Watson Watt is known as the founder of radar, which stands for Radio Detection and Ranging.
Radar was used during World War II to detect incoming planes and bombers; the first radars were developed in Britain and the USA.
In 1935, Watson Watt and his team detected an enemy ship from 100 miles away.
After the war, radars were used for various purposes, including air traffic control and weather forecasting.

The microwave was invented by Percy Spencer while working for Raytheon when he noticed chocolate melting near a radar.
Microwaves use a magnetron to guide the waves to the food, heating it.
Microwaves utilize waves called microwaves to heat food and were invented in the 1940s.