Element groups
Color Key
Already learned - #fffd42
Not as important - #73ff41
New Material - #4fb5ff
Important - #c852ff
Groups of Elements
Many groups (columns) of elements on the periodic table are given names
Each group has chemical properties that distinguish it from other groups of elements
Group 1: Alkali Metals
these are the first column on the periodic table
Li - Lithium
Na - Sodium
K - Potassium
Rb - Rubidium
Cs - Cesium
Fr - Francium
Does not include hydrogen
Proporties
All have 1 valence electron
Very reactive
most reactive of the metals
All form +1 ions
Cannot be found on its own in nature
Group 2: Alkaline earth metals
Located in the second column of the periodic table
Be - Beryllium
Mg - Magnesium
Ca - Calcium
Sr - Strontium
Ba - Barium
Ra - Radium
Proporties
All have 2 valence electrons
All for +2 Ions
Less reactive than alkali metals
still will not be found on their own in nature
Groups 3-12: Transition Metals
Located in the “middle of the periodic table
Properies
Hard, dense, high luster, malleable, ductile, conduct heat and electricity
Many have more than one charge as ions
still positively charged
Tachnetium is radioactive
Group 16: Chalcogens
Includes
O - Oxygen
S - Sulfur
Se - selenium
Te - Tellurium
Po - Polonium
All need 2 more valence electrons, and therefore form -2 ions
Group 17: Halogens
Second-to-last column on the periodic table
F - Flourine
Cl - Chlorine
Br - Bromine
I - Iodine
At - Astatine
Ts - Tennessine
doesn’t occur naturally
has to be made in a particle accelerator
Properties
Variety of differences between the elements
F, Cl = gas
Br = liquid
At - solid
Very reactive
most reactive of the non-metals
Only require 1 valence electron for a full shell
all form -1 ions
Group 18: Noble Gases
Last column on the periodic table
He - Helium
Ne - Neon
Ar - Argon
Kr - Krypton
Xe - Xenon
Rn - Radon
Properties
Non-reactive
Have full valence shells with 8 electrons
Do not do chemistry
Some of them can be forced to form compounds, but will not do so naturally