music test prep

Classical Era: 1750 – 1825

Age of Reason

Golden Age of Chamber Music

New musical center: Vienna, Austria

Artistic revolution in vianna due to ton of music being invested

Viennese School of Music

- Four characteristics

o Lyrical Melody(catchy or sicks in your head

o Homophonic texture

o Diatonic structure

o Rhythmic regularity

- Four major Members:

o F.J. Haydn - 104 symphonies

o W.A. Mozart - 41 simphonies

o L.V. Beethoven - 9 symphonies

o F. Schubert - 9 symphonies

Classicalism vs. Romanticism

Absolute music vs. Program music

Multi-Movement Cycle

1 st Movement

- Longest(usually)

- Sonata-Allegro Form

- contains an exposition(themes)

- development(expanding on expo)

Recapitulation(recap or a summary)

And sometimes a coda ( flashy ending)

2 nd Movement

- Slowest movement

- Ternary(ABA) or Theme and Variation

3 rd Movement

Optional

- Dance movement

- Minuet-trio or Scherzo-trio

4 th Movement

- Fastest movement

- Sonata-Allegro or Rondo(ABACA)

Genres:

- Symphony

- Chamber pieces

- Concertos and Sonatas

Symphony

Haydn - 104

- Last 12 “London Symphonies”

Mozart - 41

Beethoven - 9

- 1-5 classical, 6-9 romantic

Schubert - 9

Concerto vs. Sonata

Concerto: Soloist accompanied by an orchestra

Sonata: Soloist accompanied by piano (it exists now )

- Cadenza: an unaccompanied, free rhythmic solo

Classical Opera

Serious opera vs. Comic opera

Opera buffa (Italy)

Opera comique (France)

Ballad opera (England)

Singspiel (Germany)

spoken dialogue

Mozart’s notable operas

- Idomeneo(seria)

- Cosi fan Tutte(buffa)

- Don Giovanni (buffa) - partly based on mozarts life( the catolog arya and it was controversal because it didnt end with an happy ending) mozart resolved that by adding a somewhat happy ending to the opera)

o Catalogue aria

- marriage of figaro(buffa) = it was a controversal because the original play was used for class turmoil

Mozart resolved the issue by taking about the political themes

- Die Zauberflote (singspiel)

o “Queen of the Night” aria

ROMANTIC ERA: 1820-1900

Romantic Miniatures(2-7 minutes)

Lieder(German songs)

1. Schubert wrote over 600!

F sharbert died at 31 years old

a. Erlking(most famous Schubert Lied)

Was through composed

Four characters

1. Narrator

ii. Father

iii. Son

iv. Erlking

(The piano represents the horse)

Piano Miniatures

2. Franz Liszt(hungarian)

a. Great performer!

b. Works are very difficult to play

c. La Campanella, Hungarian Rhapsody

3. Frederic Chopin(poland)

a. "Poet of the piano"

b. Great composer for piano!

c. Utilized tempo rubato ('robbed timed')

d. Polonaises, mazurkas, nocturnes

Romantic Program Music

Program Symphony

o Symphony Fantastique (H. Berlioz)

Concert Overture

1812 Overture (P.I. Tchaikovsky) (has a connon

Tone Poem

• Also Sprach Zarathustra (R. Strauss) Incidental Music

Peer Gynt Suite (E. Grieg)

New Romantic Schools of Music

England

Edward Elgar

• Ralph Vaughan Williams

Spain

o Isaac Albeniz

Bohemia(Czech Republic)

Antonin Dvorak

o Bedrich Smetana

Scandinavia

o Edvard Grieg

o Jean Sibelius

Russia

o P.I. Tchaikovsky ON. Rimsky-Korsakov* o M. Mussorgky* o A. Borodin*

-Members of "Mighty 5"

Romantic Opera

Serious

VS.

Comic

Italy

Opera Seria

Opera Buffa

France

Grand Opera

Opera Comique

Singspiel

Germany Music Drama

Italian Opera Composers:

Gaetano Donizetti (Lucia) V. Bellini (Norma) Giachino Rossini

The Barber of Seville(Figaro!) William Tell

G.Puccini

- Madame Butterfly

- La Boheme

Giuseppe Verdi

Aida (Celeste Aida)

Rigoletto (La Donna e Mobile) Otello

Falstaff

MacBeth

MUSIC DRAMAS of Richard Wagner

Leitmotifs - when you attach a melody to a character, place or emotion

-ring cycle -14-16 his total

Pro-German

Anti-Viennese school

The Ring Cycle

Wagner eliminated distractions by having not lights on the seats, no balconies, no artwork, seats faced forward and by pit for orchestras and also no stops in musical acti

Three tchaikovsky ballets

Nutcracker
Swan lake
Sleeping beauty

'Murrican School

Amy Beach

Stephen Foster (father of american music

n John Philip

js Sousa(march king

questions -

Scott Joplin(ragtime) ft the entatainer

Question to focus on-

Absolute vs program music?

Absolute music is music for musicś sake and it isnt about anything- program music is instrumental music that paints imagery

Nationalism vs exotism? Nationalism is music written to sound like where your from for exp folk music and dance styles.

And exoticims is music writen to sound foreign

List Four examples of program genres?

Describe in the detail the earl king?

List for ways wagner eliminated distractions in is teater?

List three balleys by tchaikovsky?

What are the four main parts of an opera?

What are the four composers of the classical era and how many symphonies did they write?

Describe in detail the multi movement cycle?

What 2 operas by mozart were considered controversal and how did he resolve them?

2 operas by bth puccini and rosssini?

What are the three shakespeare inspired plays by verdi? Machef, fulllstaff and o tello

Which opera was both exotic and nationalistic?

Nabucco

Steven fowster what is he know for?

He is known for being the father of american music

-oh susanna and camptown races

What is scott japlin known for ? ragtime

What is the term for piano music?