11th Grade Final Exam Study Guide Notes
The Gilded Age
- From the 1870s to 1900.
- Characterized by:
- Rise of railroads.
- Big business.
- Industrialization.
- Social problems in the United States.
Chinese Exclusion Act
- Passed in 1882.
- Restricted immigration for 10 years.
- Targeted towards Asians.
Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution in the United States
- Inventions:
- Steam engine.
- Vaccines.
- Airplanes.
Vertical Integration
- A company takes over its supply chain.
- Includes suppliers, distributors, and retailers.
- Used by steel mogul Andrew Carnegie.
Imperialism and Overseas Markets
- Imperialism in the late 1800s led to a need for overseas markets because:
- As the United States obtained territories, the need for resources in those countries increased.
- This eventually led to a need for overseas markets.
Open Door Policy in 1899
- Devised by the United States to protect its economic interests in China.
Definition of Imperialism
- A strong and stable country seeking to take control over another:
- Politically.
- Socially.
- Economically.
Roosevelt's Big Stick Policy in Latin America
- Negotiate peacefully but maintain a strong military force.
- Goal was to maintain stability in Latin America.
Destruction of the USS Maine
- The destruction of the Maine, a U.S. battleship, directly resulted in the Spanish-American War.
- The ship exploded and sank in Havana harbor.
- The Spanish were blamed, but it was likely a technical problem.
Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act (1906)
- Passed to keep processed foods sanitary.
- Addressed issues like rats and fingernails in food.
Triple Alliance during WWI
- Partnership between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the late 1800s.
Causes of WWI (M.A.I.N.)
- M - Military
- A - Alliance
- I - Imperialism
- N - Nationalism
The Black Hand
- Serbian Nationalist Terrorist organization.
- Gavrilo Princip was a member.
Harlem Renaissance
- Harlem - neighborhood in New York.
- African American culture developed here through music and arts.
The Great Depression
- The longest period of unemployment and low economic activity in the 1900s.
FDR's New Deal
- Plans and programs designed to meet the needs and problems of the Great Depression.
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
- Restricted agricultural production by paying farmers to grow less crops.
Role of Women during WWII in the United States
- Since men were serving in the war, women were able to take up male-dominated roles.
- Examples:
- Getting jobs.
- Political involvement.
- Working in defense plants.
- Volunteering at war-related organizations.
European Dictators during WWII
- Adolf Hitler - Germany (nationalism)
- Benito Mussolini - Italy (fascism)
Event that triggered Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany in 1939
- German invasion of Poland.
US Atomic Bomb Project
The Cold War
- After World War II, the United States and the U.S.S.R entered a long period of competition.
NASA's Establishment
- To help compete in the Space-Race, the U.S. established NASA.
Berlin Airlift
- The United States and the United Kingdom provide food and fuel to Berlin through airplanes.
McCarthyism
- Term associated with a US Senator who led the US in a search for communists in America.
Domino Effect
- The fear that if one country falls to communism the neighboring countries would shortly fall as well.
Bay of Pigs
- The failed US attempt to overthrow the communist Cuban government in 1961.
Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Goals
- Equal rights and equality for African Americans
Brown v. Board overturned
- Plessy v. Ferguson - allowed segregation as long as quality was the same, but separated
People's view on Vietnam War
- Opposed: Doves
- In favor: Hawks
Agent Orange
- Chemical was used to clear Vietnamese jungles.
- Allowed Americans to see more movement on the ground during the Vietnam War.
Kent University
- The National Guard shot into a crowd of protestors against the Vietnam War that killed four and injured nine.
Carter and Reagan
- Carter was trying to free hostages from Iran minutes before he turned the presidency over to Reagan
President Reagan's Strategic Arms Defense System Nickname
Trickle-Down Theory (Reagan)
- The theory that cutting taxes will increase jobs.
- More corporations and high-income citizens will invest their money which will create more jobs
Iran-Contra Affair
- President Reagan's administration was investigated for the selling of goods to one country to supply the revolutionaries in another county.
Current US President as of May 2024
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- Richard Nixon is known for establishing the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and signing the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act
US President who served two non-consecutive terms in office
US President authorized the use of atomic bombs on Japan in World War II
US President was the oldest to be elected to office?
- Joe Biden - After 2024 Presidential election, it was Donald Trump
US President served during the start of the Great Depression?
US President signed the Emancipation Proclamation?
First US President to be impeached?
First US President to serve as a movie actor before taking office?
US President was in office during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
US President served as a general during World War II before being elected to office?
First US President to visit China?
First African American President of the United States?
Which US president established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)?
Which US president is credited with ending the Cold War and bringing down the Berlin Wall?
Which US president was known for his "Great Society" domestic policies that aimed to eliminate poverty and racial inequality?
What was the Y2K problem?
- The growing evolution of technology, specifically computers.
The USA PATRIOT Act was passed in response to which event?
Which US President launched the War on Terror following the 9/11 attacks?
Who won the presidential election of 2016?
- Donald Trump - won over Hilary Clinton
In the 2010 Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission case, the US Supreme Court ruled that:
- A case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled (5–4) that laws that prevented corporations and unions from using their general treasury funds for independent “electioneering communications” (political advertising) violated the First Amendment’s guarantee of freedom of speech.
Which US Supreme Court decision legalized same-sex marriage nationwide in 2015?
The Great Recession of 2008 was triggered by a crisis in which industry?
Hurricane Katrina devastated which US city in 2005?
Who won the presidential election of 2004?
The 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001 were carried out by which terrorist group?
- Al Qaeda - leader Osama Bin Laden
Cartoon and Image Analysis
- This political cartoon depicts the long-lasting effects of the Vietnam War. With the T.V. exhibiting different presidents throughout the war, it also shows the development of the audience. Showing the life of the audience from an early age to death captures the struggles of the American citizens.
Cartoon and Image Analysis
- This political cartoon depicts Joseph Stalin as a basketball player trying to “block” a ball with “Marshall Plan” written on it. This shows his efforts to refrain the United States from providing aid to European countries post-World War II.
Cartoon and Image Analysis
- This political cartoon depicts Theodore Roosevelt. This exhibits his efforts towards building the Panama Canal. It can also be a depiction of his Big-Stick policy as he shovels rocks on “Bogota”