Freeman-Pedia 80 Day AP World History Review Guide

• Review Timeline and Regulations: The Freeman-Pedia $80$-Day Review is an updated assignment schedule to be followed daily after Easter Break. All material submitted must be in the student's own words; copy-and-pasted material will not receive credit. The review documents major topics in AP World History (APWH) providing daily quick reminders and video links.

• The AP World History Exam Overview:

  • Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ): Total of $55$ questions to be completed in $55$ minutes.

  • Short Answer Questions (SAQ): Total of $3$ questions to be completed in $40$ minutes.

  • Free Response Questions (FRQ): Consists of two essays. The first essay allows $60$ minutes and the second allows $40$ minutes.

Historical Periodization Framework

• Periodization Strategy: History is broken down into four distinct "historical chunks":

  • Post-Classical Period ($1200-1450 ext{ CE}$): Characterized by the Global Tapestry and major Trade Routes.

  • Early Modern Period ($1450-1750 ext{ CE}$): Defined by the rise of Land-Based and Maritime Empires.

  • Modern Period ($1750-1900 ext{ CE}$): Defined by the Industrial Revolution and political Revolutions.

  • Contemporary Period ($1900- ext{Present}$): Characterized by global conflicts and significant loss of life.

Unit 1 and 2: The Global Tapestry and Networks of Exchange ($1200-1450 ext{ CE}$)

• East Asia (Topic 1.1):

  • Social and Political Structures: Utilization of the Civil Service Exam based on the principle that a "better person equals a better job." The "Mandate of Heaven" is defined as the permission from God for an empire to rule.

  • Core Values: Filial Piety is the requirement to respect one's elders. China is described as a "bowl" of various ideologies.

  • Technological and Agricultural Advancements: Champa rice (referred to as "CHAMPA RICE WOOOOOOO") led to massive population growth. The Grand Canal was constructed to connect large waterways.

  • Economic Impact: The Song Dynasty was a great trader of silk, porcelain, and paper money.

• Dar Al-Islam (Topic 1.2):

  • Definition: Translates to "House of Islam," representing the practice of the religion.

  • Intellectual Contributions: Served as the roots of Mathematics (specifically Algebra and Trigonometry) and Medicine. Effectively transferred information from the "old world" to the "new world."

• South East Asia, The Americas, and Africa:

  • Religious Movements: The Bhakti movement focused on a personal connection with a deity; Sufism was also prominent. Hindu and Buddhist states (or combined) existed in Southeast Asia.

  • The Americas: Remained isolated during this period.

  • African States: Three major centers included Mali, Ethiopia, and Great Zimbabwe. Mali was a major trader of gold and salt, led by the Islamic leader Mansa Musa. Ethiopia was notably Christian. Great Zimbabwe served as an extension of the East Indian Ocean trade.

• Interregional Travelers and Trade Networks:

  • Ibn Battuta: The "MVP of the global tapestry." He traveled extensively through China, Asia, Dar Al-Islam, and Europe, documenting his journeys.

  • The Silk Roads: Connected the world to China. Resulted in the growth of trade cities such as Kashgar and Samarkand.

  • New Technologies: Caravanserais (hotels for protection) and Bills of Exchange (checks for gold).

  • Exports from China: Porcelain, gunpowder, Champa rice, the Bubonic Plague, steel, the compass, and paper.

  • Imports to China: Algebra and the astrolabe.

  • The Mongol Empire: The second largest empire in history and the largest continuous land empire. After Genghis Khan's death, the empire split into Khanates. They made transportation safer and spread technologies like writing and number systems.

  • Indian Ocean Trade: Involved the Swahili states in Africa, Dar Al-Islam, and East/Southeast Asia. Relied on monsoon winds. Utilizing technology like astrolabes and improved boat designs. This led to the formation of diasporic communities.

  • Trans-Saharan Trade: Connected Africa to eastern trade routes. The Sahara desert was described as an "ocean" due to its difficulty to cross. Used camel caravans to carry heavy goods like salt and gold.

• Consequences of Exchange:

  • Cultural: Spread of Islam and Buddhism. Growth of major cities like Timbuktu, Venice, Cairo, Delhi, and Malacca.

  • Environmental: Diffusion of crops such as sugar, bananas, lemons, and Champa rice, as well as the spread of the Bubonic Plague.

• Mansa Musa: A significant figure for Unit 2. He was Islamic and extremely wealthy (estimated at $ext{ extdollar}130 ext{ billion}$). His massive donations during his pilgrimage disrupted local economies. He brought scholars and architects to Timbuktu to ensure Mali's prominence on world maps.