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Title Page

• ACCIA

• ACCRA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

• DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

• CVE 213: Site Organisational Studies I

• Instructor: Eric Adjei

• Year: 2023

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Introduction to Organisation

• Definition: Systematic arrangement of work between individuals and groups.

• Components of Organisations:

  • Specific objectives

  • Formal structure of authority

  • Division of work

  • Communication systems

  • Formal procedures and customs

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Site Organisation Objectives

• Goal: Achieve specific objectives economically, efficiently, and effectively

• Constraints: Time, budget, and performance standards

• Essential outcomes: On-time, within-budget, high-quality project delivery

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Key Components of Site Management

• Site Management:

  • Organization of plant, materials, and human resources

  • Job description and task assignment

• Organisational Behaviour Fundamentals:

  • Leadership and motivation

  • Morale development

  • Supervision and team spirit

• Graphic and Written Presentations:

  • Resumes, memoranda, progress reports, variation orders

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Planning in Site Management

• Aim: Build cost-effectively, quickly, and safely

• Basis: Construction sketches, design standards, owner’s preferences

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Requirements for Site Management Planning

• Essentials to prepare:

  • Construction budget

  • Scheduling

  • Site layout(s)

  • Temporary building setup costs

  • List of risks

• Importance of alternative solutions

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Evaluation Criteria in Site Management

• Criteria for selection include:

  • Temporary buildings cost

  • Duration of construction

  • Quantities of temporary buildings

  • Labour used in temporary structures

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Construction Site Installation Considerations

• Factors for installation:

  • Site layout, access, storage, plant

  • Temporary services, huts, fencing

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Purpose of Efficient Site Layout

• Enable unobstructed flow of materials and work

• Ensure orderly flow and minimize movements

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Main Points for Site Layout

• Layouts focus on:

  • Movement of personnel and materials

  • Accommodation for workers

  • Activity areas for work and utilities

  • Access and control of site activities

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Location of Site Accommodation

• Administration offices: Check and supervise operations

• Toilet facilities: Dependent on site location

• Parking: Proximity to site offices is key

• Subcontractor accommodation options

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Public Safety Measures

• Protection methods:

  • Gantries, dust barriers, lighting

  • Clear signs for entry, exit, and safety requirements

  • Designated space for scaffolding and waste disposal

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Summary

• Recap of site management strategies and important considerations

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Considerations for Site Layout Preparation

• Analyze contract documents and construction methods

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Access to the Site

• Key aspects of access:

  • Entrance from highways and within site

  • Consider visibility and clear instructions for vehicles

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Internal Site Access

• Importance of convenient access for loading/unloading materials

• Construct access roads with appropriate materials

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Storage Considerations

• Manage space occupation effectively

• Minimize quantity of materials on-site to reduce congestion

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Correct Storage Practices

• Store valuable materials in locked areas

• Specific requirements for aggregates and bagged materials

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Plant Selection

• Based on work to be done and site conditions

• Plant maintenance for efficiency is crucial

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Temporary Buildings

• Used for administration and storage purposes

• Organization of huts by purpose and location considerations

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Importance of Temporary Services

• Timely setup of electricity, water, and drainage

• Security through fencing of the site

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Site Management Considerations

• Effective use of space for various operational needs

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Overview of Site Equipment Layout

• Importance of organization in equipment placement

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Reducing Staffing for Economic Construction

• Employ right type and number of staff for roles

• Promote communication and responsibility among staff

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Key Site Personnel

• Roles include project manager, site engineer, office manager, general foreman, plant manager, contract manager

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Role of Project Manager

• Directing and controlling all construction work

• Authority to hire and manage resources

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Skills of the Site Agent

• Essential skills in civil engineering, management, and profitability

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Responsibilities of Site Engineer

• Ensuring work meets quality standards and advising on engineering matters

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Role of Office Manager

• Handles paperwork including orders, accounts, and pay sheets

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General Foreman's Responsibilities

• Support project manager in daily operations; leadership in the field

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Plant Manager’s Role

• Maintenance and servicing of plant equipment

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Resident Engineer Duties

• Oversee project execution in alignment with designs

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Responsibilities of Resident Engineer

• Coordination with contractors, material checks, and record keeping

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Construction Equipment Management

• Efficient use of resources for effective project completion

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Advantages of Construction Equipment

• Increases output rate and reduces costs, improves work quality

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Influencing Factors in Equipment Selection

• Economic, company policies, and site conditions considerations

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Equipment Selection Criteria

• Economic vs. equipment-specific considerations

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Types of Construction Equipment

• Earthwork, concrete, and hoisting equipment categories

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Earthwork Equipment Characteristics

• Differentiation based on movement and task requirements

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Comparison of Tracked vs. Tired Equipment

• Mobility and maneuverability benefits of each type

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Earthwork Equipment Features

• Bucket design and application based on material type

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Earthwork Equipment Display

• Visual overview of various bucket types and features

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Blade Configurations for Equipment

• Overview of blade types and their intended use

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Configuration of Angle Blades

• Applicability and advantages of angle blades in specific tasks

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Cushion Blades

• Usage for diverse excavation tasks

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Universal Blades

• Suitable for large loads and light materials

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Straight Blades

• Effective for shallow surface removal and land clearing

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Functionality of Backhoes

• Versatile use for various excavation and cleaning tasks

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Front Shovel Applications

• Heavy excavation in dry soils and environments

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Dragline Use Cases

• Effective for bulk excavation in loose environments

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Clamshell Equipment

• Deep excavation in confined spaces applications

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Dozers Applications

• Material movement and clearing responsibilities

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Role of Roller Compactors

• Compaction operations in large construction works

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Scapers' Uses

• Site leveling and material hauling functions

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Dumper's Purpose

• Transportation of materials on construction sites

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Graders Application

• Grading and finishing works on earthen formations

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Earthwork Equipment Determinants

• Factors affecting the choice of earth moving equipment

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Equipment Quantity Calculation

• Assessing needs based on project scope and equipment specifications

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Concrete Equipment Overview

• Types of concrete mixing and batching plants

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Applications of Concrete Mixers

• Suitable for varying batch sizes in concrete production

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Use of Transit Mixers

• Transportation of concrete from batching sites

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Function of Concrete Pumps

• Effective transport of concrete over distances

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Considerations in Concrete Equipment Selection

• Site characteristics and operational requirements

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Factors for Concrete Mixing Equipment

• Total output and discharge requirements during operations

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Selection of Concrete Placement Equipment

• Various influencing factors on equipment choice

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Hoisting Equipment Functions

• Main uses for lifting and lowering loads

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Boom Hoists Purpose

• Application in industrial settings for weight transportation

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Chain Hoist Dynamics

• Mechanism for weight movement using chains

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Electric Hoists Use Cases

• Modern efficiency in lifting and handling materials

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Functionality of Tractor Hoists

• Operative setup and controls for lifting needs

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Importance of Cranes in Construction

• Variety of crane types for lifting tasks

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Factors Influencing Crane Selection

• Building design, safety, and site conditions considerations

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Mobile Crane Capabilities

• Features and considerations for short-term projects

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Tower Cranes for High-rise Builds

• Safety and effectiveness in high-rise construction

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Derrick Cranes Versatility

• Cost-effective option for various construction tasks

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Hoisting Equipment Overview

• Summary of hoisting equipment types and functions

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Understanding Productivity in Construction

• Definition and significance in construction management

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Cyclic Operating Equipment Productivity Metrics

• Practical calculation methods and implications

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Continuously Operating Equipment Productivity

• Comparison to cyclic equipment usage and metrics

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Bulldozer Productivity Calculation

• Methodology to determine effective production rates

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Practical Example of Bull Dozer Use

• Detailed calculations on moving earth with a bulldozer

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Calculating Cycle Time and Productivity

• Detailed breakdown of time spent in task cycles

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Work Hour Productivity Calculation

• Aggregate time assessments for moving earth

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Labour Productivity in Construction

• Definition and its impact on construction costs

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Measures of Labour Productivity

• Overview of the effectiveness of labour management

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Factors Influencing Job-site Productivity

• Categorization into observable characteristics

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Non-productive Activities Impact

• Influence of non-productive factors and their management

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Evaluating Labour Characteristics

• Tools for measuring labour performance and productivity

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Additional Evaluation Metrics

• Attributes affecting employee performance and productivity

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Further Factors Affecting Workers' Performance

• Assessing key behavioural traits influencing outcomes

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Importance of Materials Management

• Major expenses and impact on construction timelines

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Material Procurement Considerations

• Strategic importance during planning and scheduling

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Types of Materials for Delivery

• Varieties of materials and their unique handling processes

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Characteristics of Bulk Materials

• Overview of bulk materials with associated procurement issues

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Standard Off-the-shelf Material Usage

• Simplified delivery processes and related procurement strategies

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Inventory Control in Materials Management

• Objectives and strategies for effective inventory use

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Purchase Cost Considerations

• Breakdown of cost-saving strategies in material procurement

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Factors Affecting Material Costs

• Key influences on pricing based on inventory strategies

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Transportation Cost Factors

• Shipping logistics and cost-saving measures

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Understanding Order Costs

• Definition and impact on overall material costs

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Holding or Carrying Costs

• Financial implications of inventory management

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Addressing Storage and Handling Costs

• Strategies for efficient materials management

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Unavailability Cost Impacts

• Consequences of material shortages on project timelines

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Material Control System Objectives

• Importance of implementing a control system for materials

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Stores Management Overview

• Goals and functions of effective stores management

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Proper Organization in Stores System

• Key processes for efficient materials handling

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Stock Control Procedures

• Importance of inventories and stock management practices

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Stock Control Functions

• Ensure availability and manage stock levels effectively

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Overview of Organisational Behaviour

• Study and application in workplace dynamics

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Work Behaviour and Organisational Impact

• Understanding behaviour patterns within organizations

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Managerial Responsibilities in Behaviour

• Analysis of impact on employee performance

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Importance of Work Groups

• Role communication and leadership in group behaviour

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Managerial Influence on Behaviour

• Strategies to improve employee performance and satisfaction

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Solving Issues in Organisational Behaviour

• Key indicators that signal underlying problems

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Conflict in Team Dynamics

• Understanding the causes and implications of conflict

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Managing Levels of Conflict

• Strategies for optimal conflict management within teams

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Conflict Triggers in Construction

• Common sources of disagreement on projects

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Conflict Management Strategies

• Techniques for addressing and resolving conflict

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Withdrawal Conflict Strategy

• Description and evaluation of this approach

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Smoothing Conflict Technique

• An overview of strategies to maintain relations

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Compromising Approach

• Details on bargaining methods in conflict management

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Confronting as a Resolution Method

• Open dialogue and root problem identification

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Forcing Conflict Resolution

• Declaration of authority as a last resort strategy

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Motivation and Leadership

• Importance of inspiring employees toward goals

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Understanding Employee Motivation

• Differentiating between incentive and motivation

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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

• Framework for understanding human motivation

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Levels of Human Needs

• Progression of needs from basic to self-fulfillment

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Visual Representation of Needs Hierarchy

• Graphic representation showing Maslow's levels

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Identifying Employee Needs

• Importance of relationship-building for motivation

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Strategies for Team Motivation

• Aligning individual and organizational needs

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Role Modeling in Leadership

• Importance of setting an example for the team

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Support and Communication in Team Leadership

• Importance of understanding and addressing team needs

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Understanding Morale in the Workplace

• Definition and influence on work ethic

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Rights of Employees

• Discussion of various employee rights and their implications

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Importance of Ethical Practices

• Role of ethics in maintaining workplace morale

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Cultivating Team Spirit

• Significance of emotional investment in performance

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Building Team Spirit Initiatives

• Various strategies to enhance team engagement

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Effective Site Supervision Principles

• Key components of productive supervision

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Monitoring in Supervision

• Importance of both site visits and desk reviews

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Benefits of Site Visits

• Insights gained from on-the-ground supervision

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Desk Review Considerations

• Analysis and review of documentation for performance assessment

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Tracking Project Progress

• Comparing actual work with planned outcomes

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Variation Orders and Their Importance

• Context and applications within projects

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Example of Variation Order Process

• Case study illustrating contract adjustments

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Breakdown of Variation Order Costs

• Detailed calculations of contract sum adjustments

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Site Instructions Definition

• Formal communication on project-specific directives

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Effective Site Instruction Elements

• Key components for clarity and authority

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Site Instructions Template Example

• Structure and essential information needed

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7 Day Rule for Site Instructions

• Implications of verbal instructions and written confirmations

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Dayworks Overview

• Use and protocols for minor works and payments

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Project Reports Necessity

• Importance and types of regular project reporting

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Purpose of Progress Reports

• Role in monitoring and documenting project status

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Evaluation Report Overview

• Purpose and significance in project assessment

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Role of Weekly Progress Reports

• Summary of essential weekly performance indicators

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Standard Weekly Progress Report Elements

• Information categories included in reporting

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Key Information in Weekly Progress Reports

• Summary of actionable data for project management

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Purpose of Memoranda in Communication

• Functions and use within construction management

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Memo Structure and Components

• Key sections and formatting for effectiveness

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Memo Message Preparation

• Guidelines for drafting clear and concise memos