SCOTUS Cases CRAM SHEET

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
- Establishes the legitimacy of the Necessary & Proper Clause and the Supremacy Clause.
US v. Lopez (1995)
- Limits the federal government's use of the Commerce Clause.
- The use of the Commerce Clause must be related to commerce.

Baker v. Carr (1961)
- Establishes the "one person, one vote" principle.
- The Supreme Court has the right to determine the legality of drawing congressional districts.
Shaw v. Reno (1993)
- Race can be a factor in redistricting, but it cannot be the only factor.
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
- Establishes the principle of Judicial Review.

Engel v. Vitale (1962)
- School sponsorship of religious activities violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.
Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
- Compelling Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade violates the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment.
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)
- Public school students have the right to wear black armbands in school to protest the Vietnam War; this is protected speech.
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)
- Bolstered the freedom of the press.
- Established a “heavy presumption against prior restraint,” even in cases involving national security.
Schenck v. United States (1919)
- Speech creating a “clear and present danger” is not protected by the First Amendment.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
- Guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor in criminal cases.
Roe v. Wade (1973)
- Extended the right of privacy to a woman’s decision to have an abortion.
McDonald v. Chicago (2010)
- The Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for self-defense is applicable to the states.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
- Race-based school segregation violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.