raw grammar
Grammar
Huozhe ?
Guo4 indicates experience
Conglaimei…guo - have never experienced
Conglaibu - never (generally, habitually)
Ruguo…jiu + v
….bu4ran2 + jiu4 + V…
…otherwise, V…
VO Yi3hou4…jiu4 VO - next activity closely follows first
Jiu + V… indicates consequence
Phrase: A gen B you3guan: A and B are related
A bi3 B adj
B meiyou A name adj
Geng4 + adj = even more (comparison)
v+de/bu zhao2 - not be able to V
Yidian dou…(bu) adj
A bit adj or not adj at all
Lian2 + N + dou + V
Most drastic case/extreme example
Even N Verbs
Zhe
V1 +zhe +v2
V1 is state of being verb (sitting, standing, holding, etc)
V2 is action verb
In v1 state of being, v2 is being done
Also is used to describe what you’re wearing: chuanzhe lanse dechenshan or daizhe heise deyanjing
Hai2you3 - and then; also
Hui4 - will vs yao4 - need to ~> translates to future
Gongdu2 vs xue2 - studying in a field vs learning
Zai4 + V = in the process of doing it; still doing it
Month + chu1初 = at the beginning of ___ month
Month + di3底 - at the end of __ month
Time + zuo3you4 - about/around Time
Da4yue1 + time = around Time
Mei3(yi2)ge4/(MW) ___ - each __
If expressing a thing and a half: 4 ge/(MW) ban4
Di4er4 not di4liang3
Geng4 + adj = even more + adj
lian2…N + dou1/ye3 + V = even N + V
For asking about frequency:
Duo1jiu3 V ji3ci4 O -
Example: Yigexingqi kan yici shu
chule…yiwai,hai
Haishi - and (only used to pose questions)
Buzai + V = no longer V
Xu1yao4 … NO LE
Le indicates completion of action → can also be used to refer to future interior
Hui2da2 is used to respond to a question
REVIEW POTENTIAL FORM 得
把 to use ba3 construction, there has to be result of the action
Yuelaiyue adv
已經(yi3jing1 - already)
Ba3 mei3yuan2 huan4cheng2 rmb - change USD into RMB
Tai…le
Sometimes if its in the middle of a clause, the le can be omitted, but generally it should always be there
一會兒,V yi2hui4er O - VO for a little bit of time
上一次做···shang4yi2ci4 zuo4 - the last time I did…
V1著(V2) - shows status; way of presentation while doing; not moving verb
把 to use ba3 construction, there has to be result of the action
Yuelaiyue adv
一定(yi2ding4 - definitely)VS已經(yi3jing1 - already)
很多就沒有VO了？How long have you not VO ?
我TIME沒有VO了 I have not VO for TIME long
V不起 - can’t afford to V
V得起 - can afford to V
任何+N+都+VP - any N can all VP
連+noun phrase+都 - even NP all… (extreme example)
You can use cai2 if youre using shide structure
Zuo3you4 gets added at the very end
Wan2 after v to indicate completion
Bu2shi4 VO1… jiu4shi4 VO2- if not VO1 then VO2
才 after time to indicate lateness
太··ADJ·了
N+ADJ倒是ADJ，但是/可是 - N is definitely Adj, but it is also … (opposite quality adjective)
有一點+an undesirable adj = a little bit adj
一點= indicates quantity
一點都/也不ADJ = not ADJ at all
晚點 (for vehicles/objects) vs 遲到 (for a person being late)
只要···就
把+S+V+得好像是+Noun phraseRESULT - V S to an extreme degree so that RESULT
偶爾···才
他不中國人說得好像是另外一種人。
小孩子常常把老師想得好像是什麼都知道的人。
中文老師把中文說得好像是很容易的語言。
就跟···一樣- JUST like … the same (就 is used to emphasise)
價廉物美 can also be used for food
S什麼都ADJ，就是··· - all of S is ADJ, except
在/正在- progressive state
一般都usually
一···就 - as soon as… jiu4….
不是全天供應的 - not supplied the whole day
比起NP1來S+ADJ+comparison - compared to NP1, S with ADJ comparison
比起··A·來··B: compared to A, B…
是+（來/去）+purpose+的
came/went for purpose