GEOGRAPHY GUIDELINE TEST

SEKHUKHUNE SOUTH DISTRICT MAPWORK MARKING GUIDELINE

• Marks: 60

• Time: 1 Hour 30 Minutes

• Questions Total Marks:

  • Question 1: 20

  • Question 2: 24

  • Question 3: 16

• Total: 60

• This marking guideline consists of 8 pages including the cover page.

• Grade: 10 Geography

Resource Material

• Extract from topographical map 2629DB ERMELO

• Extract from orthophoto map 2629DB 5 ERMELO

Instructions

1. Answer all questions in the spaces provided on this question paper.

2. Hand in both the topographic and orthophoto map.

3. You may use the blank page at the back of this question paper for ROUGH WORK.

4. Do NOT detach/remove any page from this document.

5. Show ALL calculations and formulae where applicable. Marks will be awarded for this.

6. Indicate the unit of measurement in your FINAL answer.

7. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

Question 1: Map Skills & Techniques

• Scale: Based on a 1:50,000 topographic map extract 2629 DB Ermelo and the orthophoto map of the mapped area.

• Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Write only the letter A-D next to each question.

Multiple Choice Questions

1.1.1. The contour interval of the topographic map is:

• A. 5m

• B. 10m

• C. 15m

• D. 20m

1.1.2. The height of the contour index in block C3 is:

• A. 1703.5m

• B. 1600m

• C. 1700m

• D. 1740m

1.1.3. The map scale evident on 2629DB topographic map is:

• A. Line and word

• B. Ratio and line

• C. Ratio and word

• D. Ratio and fraction

1.1.4. Refer to block B4, the feature that represents height in the block is:

• A. Trig. Station

• B. Spot height

• C. Benchmark

• D. Contour interval

Marks: 4 (4 questions x 1 each)

Calculation Questions

1.2. Refer to the topographic map and calculate the area of the orthophoto map in kilometers (km²).

• Formula:
  $ext{Area} = L imes B = (L imes S) imes (B imes S) = (4.2 ext{ cm} imes 50,000) imes (3.8 ext{ cm} imes 50,000)$
  $= 210,000 ext{ cm}/100,000 imes 190,000 ext{ cm}/100,000$
  $= 2.1 ext{ km} imes 1.9 ext{ km} = 3.99 ext{ km}²$

Marks: 5 (5x1)

1.3. Refer to Block D1 and D2.
1.3.1. Calculate the average gradient between trigonometrical station number 305 in block D2 and benchmark 1704.5 in block D1 on the topographical map.

• Gradient Formula: $G = rac{H}{D}$

  • Height (H) Calculation:
    $H = 1763.8 - 1704.5 = 59.3 ext{ m}$

  • Distance (D) Calculation:
    $D = 1.9 ext{ cm} imes 50,000 = 95,000 ext{ cm} = 950 ext{ m}$

  • Gradient (G) Calculation:
    $G = rac{59.3}{950} = rac{59.3}{59.3} : rac{950}{59.3} = 1:16.02$

Marks: 5 (5x1)

1.3.2. Is the gradient calculated in question 1.3.1 above steep or gentle?

• Answer: Steep

Marks: 1

1.3.3. Give a reason for your answer in Question 1.3.2. above.

• Explanation: The gradient answer is less than 1:20.

Marks: 2

1.3.4. Use the information on the topographic map to determine the current magnetic declination of Ermelo.

• Calculation:

  • Difference in years: 2023-2013= 10 years

  • Mean annual change: 4’ westwards

  • Total change: 10 x 4’ = 40’ westwards

  • Current Magnetic declination:
    $180^ ext{o} 34' + 40' = 180^ ext{o} 74' ext{ WTN} = 190^ ext{o} 14' ext{ WTN}$

Marks: 3 (3x1)

Question 2: Map Interpretation

2.1. Refer to buildings marked 6 on the orthophoto map and answer the questions below.

2.1.1. Identify the buildings marked 6 on the orthophoto map.

• Answer: Hospital

Marks: 1

2.1.2. What is the main function of these buildings?

• Explanation: They provide complete health care.

Marks: 2

2.1.3. Explain why this is a very good place for the buildings mentioned in Question 2.1.1 above.

• Explanation: The contour lines on the map indicates the area is flat/gentle, which is ideal for building.

Marks: 2

2.2. Use the Climate graph below to help answer the following questions.
2.2.1. In which season does Ermelo receive most of its rainfall?

• Answer: Summer

Marks: 1

2.2.2. Ermelo receives less than average rainfall. Provide TWO pieces of evidence from the map showing that Ermelo receives less than average rainfall.

• Evidence:

  • Presence of non-perennial rivers

  • Wind pump

  • Reservoirs

• Any two valid pieces of evidence.

Marks: 4 (2x2)

2.2.3. Ermelo has no mountains, and frontal rainfall rarely occurs. According to your knowledge of the THREE types of rainfall, what type of rain does this area mainly receive?

• Answer: Convectional rainfall.

Marks: 2

2.3. Refer to the Klein Drinkwaterspruit River in Block A1 on the topographic map.
2.3.1. What type of river is Klein Drinkwaterspruit River?

• Answer: Perennial river.

Marks: 1

2.3.2. Suggest TWO possible ways the people of Ermelo can benefit from the Klein Drinkwaterspruit River.

• Benefits:

  • Water for irrigation.

  • Water for domestic purposes.

Marks: 4 (2x2)

2.4. Refer to the orthophoto map.
2.4.1. Choose the correct answer from the options: The orthophoto map is derived from a (high oblique/ vertical aerial) photograph.

• Answer: Vertical aerial photograph.

Marks: 1

2.4.2. At what time of the day do we prefer to take aerial photographs of an area for best light?

• Answer: Midday/12:00.

Marks: 2

2.4.3. Describe the difference between oblique and vertical photographs.

• Oblique aerial photographs: Photographs taken from high above the ground at an angle that is not vertical to the ground.

• Vertical aerial photographs: Photographs taken from an aeroplane or drone flying directly over the landscape at an angle of 90° and showing the top view of the landscape.

Marks: 4 (2x2)

Question 3: Geographical Information System

3.1. Refer to the figure above which shows part of a GIS component system and how it operates.
3.1.1. What does the abbreviation GIS stand for?

• Answer: Geographical Information System.

Marks: 1

3.1.2. Define/explain the term GIS.

• Definition/Explanation: GIS is a computer-based tool/technology for gathering, manipulating, storing, and retrieving information.

Marks: 2

3.1.3. Name any TWO components of GIS.

• Components:

  • Software

  • Users

  • Procedures or Methods

  • Data

  • Hardware

• Any two valid components.

Marks: 2 (2x1)

3.1.4. From the figure above, name any ONE hardware device that is used for the following purposes:

• (a) Capturing information into the system: Scanner/Keyboard.

• (b) Storing information in the system: CPU/Image server/Tape-back-up/file server.

• (c) Connecting the system to a network: Network cable/Modem.

Marks: 3 (1x1 each)

3.2. Explain the importance of using GIS in today’s fast-changing world.

• Importance:

  • Computers are faster, cheaper, and more efficient.

  • More information is coming into the world.

  • The world’s problems exist in a geographical context.

  • GIS can be used in daily lives.

Marks: 2 (Any one valid point.)

3.3. Refer to Block B2 on the topographic map.
3.3.1. State ONE example of each of the following types of features found in block:

• (a) Area (polygon) feature: Dam/Cultivated land/Marsh and vlei.

• (b) Point (node) feature: Reservoir/Building.

• (c) Line (arc) feature: Row of trees/Power line/Contour line/River/other road.

Marks: 3 (1x1 each)

3.4. “Remote sensing is collection of data by a recording that is not in direct contact with the area.”
3.4.1. Give ONE example of a remote sensor that can be used to gather information from a distance.

• Example: Satellite/Drones.

Marks: 1

3.4.2. Give TWO advantages of remote sensing.

• Advantages:

  • Allows coverage of very large areas.

  • Can access inaccessible areas.

  • Easy collection of data over a variety of scales and resolutions.

  • Does not disturb the object or the area of interest.

• Any two valid advantages.

Marks: 2 (2x1)

[16 marks]

### TOTAL = 60 marks