Study Notes on Thomas Hobbes

Overview - Thomas Hobbes is a political philosopher. ### Social Contract Theory - Definition: Individuals agree to a contract to establish society, forming moral/political obligations. ### Political Philosophy #### Human Nature - Self-centered & Equal: Humans are inherently self-centered, with each person capable of threatening another's security. #### State of Nature - Definition: A state without governing power. - Characteristics: Life is "nasty, brutish, and short"; individuals are adversaries. #### Fear of the State of Nature - Fear of the chaotic state of nature drives individuals to submit to authority for peace. ### Authority and Coercion - Authority must be coercive to ensure adherence to contracts, using terror if necessary. - Injustice: Failing to uphold one's contract; without contracts, nothing is unjust. ### Absolute Authority of the Monarch - Hobbes advocates for absolute monarchical power to prevent disputes and conflict from limited government authority. ### Exceptions to Absolute Obedience - Individuals are not bound to obey in "true liberties of subjects," which include: - Right to self-preservation (not harm oneself). - Right to not kill others. - Right to silence during interrogation. - Right to physically defend oneself. - Not obligated to dangerous or dishonorable commands (e.g., military service).