Equilibrium Constants Notes

Identify that the equilibrium constant (Kc) indicates the relationship between product and reactant concentrations at equilibrium.

Equilibrium Constant (Kc): Indicates the relationship between product and reactant conc at equilibrium.

Identify that the solubility product (Ksp) gives a measure of the solubility of an ionic compound.

Solubility Product (Ksp): Is a measure of the solubility of an ionic compound.

Determine the equilibrium law expression for homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.

Equilibrium Law for Homogeneous Systems: Include all species (reactants and products) in the formula.

Equilibrium Law for Heterogeneous Systems: Pure solids and liquids are not included in the formula, only gaseous and aqueous species.

Determine the extent of a reaction from the magnitude of the equilibrium constant (Kc).

Kc Meaning: A large Kc means the reaction goes mostly to products, a small Kc means it barely proceeds.

Calculate the reaction quotient (Q) for reversible reactions (Formula: Q = [C]c[D]d [A]a[B]b for the reaction aA+bB ⇋ cC + dD)

Formula:

Calculate equilibrium constants (Kc) and the concentrations of reactants and products. Assume [reactants]initial = [reactants]equilibrium when 𝐾c is very small and state assumption when used. (Formula: 𝐾c = [C]c[D]d [A]a[B]b for the reaction aA+ bB ⇋ cC +dD)

Formula: 𝐾c = [C]c[D]d [A]a[B]b for the reaction aA+ bB ⇋ cC +dD

Calculate solubility products (Ksp) and the concentrations of ions in aqueous solutions. (Formula: 𝐾sp = [C]c[D]d for the reaction aA(s) ⇋ cC(aq) +dD(aq))

Formula: 𝐾sp = [C]c[D]d for the reaction aA(s) ⇋ cC(aq) +dD(aq)

Infer shifts in equilibrium reactions using equilibrium constants (Kc) and reaction quotients (Q).

Q=K: Reaction is at equilibrium.

Q<K: Reaction will proceed right till equilibrium.

Q>K: Reaction will proceed left till equilibrium.

Analyse data to determine reaction quotients (Q), equilibrium constants (Kc), the concentrations of reactants and products and the concentration of ions in aqueous solutions.