Fundamental Chinese for Beginners Study Notes

Fundamental Chinese for Beginners

Introduction

  • Learning Chinese in TKU

    • Presented by: Jai Wah

Essential Vocabulary and Phrases

Basic Expressions

  1. Numbers:

    • 点 (diǎn) - point, dot.

    • 分 (fēn) - minute, cent.

Basic Questions and Dates

  1. Date Format:

    • Example: 今天 _____月 ______号 (Jīntiān _____ yuè ______ hào) - Today is the ____ of ____.

    • Complete date example:

      • July 15 - 七月十五号 (Qī yuè shíwǔ hào)

      • Tuesday - 星期二 (Xīngqí èr)

      • Another example: 在 4月19号 (Sì yuè shíjiǔ hào) - On April 19

      • Days of the week:

        • Friday - 星期五 (Xīngqí wǔ)

        • Thursday - 星期四 (Xīngqí sì)

Vocabulary Section

Common Words / Vocabulary

  1. 老师 (lǎoshi)

    • Definition: Teacher

    • Example: 我是老师 (Wǒ shì lǎoshi) - I am a teacher.

  2. 学生 (xuéshēng)

    • Definition: Student

    • Example: 他是学生 (Tā shì xuéshēng) - He is a student.

  3. 你 (nǐ)

    • Definition: You

  4. 我 (wǒ)

    • Definition: I; me

  5. 他 (tā)

    • Definition: He; him

  6. 你们 (nǐmen)

    • Definition: You (plural)

  7. 我们 (wǒmen)

    • Definition: We; us

  8. 他们 (tāmen)

    • Definition: They; them

  9. 人 (rén)

    • Definition: Person; people

  10. 不 (bù)

    • Definition: Not

    • Example: 他不是日本人 (Tā bú shì Rìběn rén) - He is not Japanese.

      • 他是台湾人 (Tā shì Táiwān rén) - He is Taiwanese.

  11. 先生 (xiānshēng)

    • Definition: Mr.; husband

  12. 小姐 (xiǎojiě)

    • Definition: Miss

  13. 太太 (tàitai)

    • Definition: Ms.; wife

    • Example: 李先生是美国人 (Lǐ xiānshēng shì Měiguó rén) - Mr. Li is American.

    • Example: 李太太是英国人 (Lǐ tàitai shì Yīngguó rén) - Mrs. Li is British.

Classroom Activities and Questions

  1. Activity Statements:

    • 老师是_________人 (Lǎoshī shì __________ rén) - Teacher is _________.

    • 我是___________人 (Wǒ shì __________ rén) - I am _________.

    • ________是___________人 (__________ shì __________ rén) - ________ is _________.

  2. Questions:

    • 懂了吗? (Dǒng le ma?) - Do you understand?

    • Response:

      • 懂了 (Dǒng le) - I understand.

      • 不懂 (Bù dǒng) - I do not understand.

  3. Interactive Questions:

    • 第页 (Dì yè) - Page .

    • 请看我 (Qǐng kàn wǒ) - Please look at me.

    • 听我说 (Tīng wǒ shuō) - Listen to what I say.

    • 跟我说 (Gēn wǒ shuō) - Speak with me.

    • 请你说 (Qǐng nǐ shuō) - Please say.

    • 请再说一次 (Qǐng zài shuō yí cì) - Please say it again.

    • 好了吗? (Hǎo le ma?) - Is it done?

    • Response:

      • 好了 (Hǎo le) - It is done.

      • 很好 (Hěn hǎo) - Very good.

  4. Basic Dialogues:

    • A: 懂了嗎? (Dǒng le ma?) - Do you understand?

    • B: (Response)

    • A: 好了吗? (Hǎo le ma?) - Is it done?

    • B: (Response)

Summary of Dates and Days

  • Date Example:

    • 今天是三月十六号 (Jīntiān sān yuè shíliù hào) - Today is March 16.

    • 今天星期二 (Jīntiān xīngqí èr) - Today is Tuesday.