Joints

Cartilaginous- Bones held together by hyaline cartilage/fibrocartilage (pubis symphysis), synarthrosis and amphiarthrosis

Fibrous- Bones held together by fibrous connective tissue (sutures in skull, teeth in jaw). Mostly snarthrosis and amphiarthrosis

Synovial-Bones held together by a capsule, diarthrosis

Structural classification- Cartilaginous, Fibrous, Synovial

Functional classification- Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

Amphiarthrosis- slightly movable

Synarthrosis- immovable

Diarthrosis- freely movable, all synovial

Synarthrosis types- gomphosis, synchondrosis, suture

Amphiarthrosis types- syndesmosis, symphysis

Diarthrosis types- ball & socket, condyloid/ellipsoid, gliding/plane, hinge, pivot, saddle

Gomphosis- Fibrous teeth —> jaw, short fibers of fibrous connective tissue

Synchondrosis- Cartilaginous, Hyaline cartilage connects to bones, costal cartilage and capseal line

Suture- Fibrous, short fibers of fibrous connective tissue hold skull bones in place

Syndesmosis- Fibrous, longer fibers of dense regular connective tissue hold bones together. Ankle.

Symphysis- Cartilagionous. Chunk of fibrocartilage holds bones together. Pubic symphysis, intervertebral disc.

Ball & Socket- Head —> socket. Multiaxial, Hip and shoulder

Conydloid/ Ellipsoid- Round end—> shallow, cup. Between phalanges, side to side and back and forth but no rotation. Biaxial

Gliding/ Plane- Short bones, shift against each other. no rotation, between carpals, nonaxial

Hinge- Uniaxial (movements around 1 xis only), Elbow, ankle, phalanges. Cylinder fits in a trough, like a door hinge.

Pivot- Atlas, Axis. Radioulnar. Turn along long axis. Uniaxial. Radius and ulna. Round end of 1 bone fits into a ring of a 2nd bone.

Saddle- 2 concave bones sit perpendicular to each other. Thumb metacarpals and carpals. Biaxial

Bursas- Little pocket/ pillow thats filled with synovial fluid and situated in between ligaments of the joint. (part of synovial joints)

Tendon Sheaths- Tube that wraps around the ligament to protect it from friction when the bones moves (part of synovial joints)

Purpose Bursas and Tendon Sheath- As bone moves ligaments dont get crushed against the bone and start to fray.