All PSD and stats for geography paper 2 (ocr b)
RESOURCE RELIANCE
It takes equal amount of energy to produce 7kg grain as it does 1kg of meat
For every 1 fish caught by cyanide being sprayed into the ocea, 1 metre of coral is destroyed
The global palm oil market was valued at $61 billion in 2022
4 in 10 people are food insecure because of financial status
Rice yields decrease 1% per 200m increase in altitude
More fertile soil produces 3x more food per hectare than sandy or clay heavy soil
Caterpillar pests in Africa cause the continent to lose 17 million tonnes of maize per year
From 1940 to 2000, average daily calorie intake decreased from 2350kcal to 2150kcal
The UK produces about 60% of the food it needs and imports the rest
The UK imports 80% of fruit and vegetables
9% of children and 6% of all people are food insecure in the UK
20% of teaches experience food poverty
Over 1 million people in the UK rely on food banks
The number of food parcels that the Trussell Trust delivers to families in the UK has increased 16% over one year
Cereal imported in 1940 was 70% but by 1980 this was 20% (as a result of intensification of farming)
⅓ of food is wasted globally
DYNAMIC DEVELOPMENT
1974 - 1981 - 1 million people died in civil war
1984 - 1 million died due to drought or famine
1991 - communist derg lost power
70% of Ethipians live in rural areas
96% of children go to primary school.
Literacy rate = 36%
population living in poverty has dropped from 49% to 29%
40% of children are malnourished
55% of women now have access to contraception
Maternal mortality has dropped to 23% due to better care
Top exports = coffee, vegetables, oilseeds
Hilton Addis Ababa grants 150 three-month apprenticeships to local people.
This helps employ some of the 1.4 million Ethiopianas searching for jobs
Hotels in Ethiopia will contribute £2bn to the GDP in 2024
in 1995 Ethiopia was $10bn in debt but by 2012 this reduced to $7bn thanks to debt relief.
The Gibe III Dam on the Omo river supplies electricity to 50% of Ethiopia
200,000 people rely on the Omo River for farming and animal herding and the Gibe III Dam reduces volume of water in this river
goat scheme run by farm africa: provides 3 goats to 7000 women
Goats provide milk and kids to sell, generating enough income to feed a family for 1 year
the income from goats is enough to send 1 child to school for a whole year
UK IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Population of UK = 68 million (2023)
London is predicted to become a megacity by 2030
Immigrants make up up 13% of the UK’s population but 27% of babies
45% of Londoners are white British
12% of UK land is urban and 65% is arable land or grassland
We would need to build 240,000 homes a year to support the growing population, but we only build half this number
324,000 households assessed as homeless after contacting local authorities
The South East (most crowded part of the UK) receives the least amount of rainfall
Piping water from high rainfall, low demand areas to low rainfall, high demand areas is happening from the Cambrian Mountains in Wales to Birmingham
18% of the UK population are over 65
In 2014, 60% of all welfare spending was used on old people
Average cost of hospitalising a person over 85 is 3x times more than someone aged 65-74
Volunteering contributed over £43 billion in 2016
Informal childcare contributed over £176 billion in 2016
Sport England is investing £10 million into 20 projects
49% of over 75s are inactive
1984 - mines closed by Thatcher
2004 - opening of EU
2016 - Brexit
Working hours have gone from 48 to 40 hours a week
Average annual earnings in London are 50% higher than that of the North East
HS2 will connect London to Birmingham
High growth cities = Birmingham
Dynamic growth cities = Cambridge
Cambridge has a university, science park, the M11 motorway
There are over 20,000 biotech or IT companies in Cambridge
Cambridge’s economy is set to grow by £170 million - fastest growing city in the UK
1960 - war in Somalia
2012 - internationally backed government introduced
UK has invested £1.5 million to improve infrastructure of Somalia
British Army team sent as part of a UN mission ot support peacekeeping efforts against Al-Shabab
1990s - UK troops sent to moniter cease fire
Joint Health and Nutrition Programme for Somalia will address food shortages
Peppa pig has been broadcast in 120 countries
The film and TV industry made 1.7 million jobs
UK TV export sales made £1.5 billion in 2023
19th century - Chinese sailors opened first restaurants in the UK
51% of residents name Chinese food as one of their top 3 favourite takeaways; 44% name pizza
URBAN FUTURES
World cities = New York, London, Paris
Megacities = Sao Paulo, Mexico City, Shanghai
The number of megacities has increased from 2 (1950) to 33
In Zambia in rural areas only 3% of people have access to electricity, but 47% do in urban areas
30% of the UK’s income comes from London
London consumes 7 million tonnes of food a year
£15 congestion charge
Congestion charge has reduced traffic by 35%
12% more cycle journeys into the congestion zone
2 million Londoners live in areas of pollution above international pollution limits
Avg income in Kensington and Chelsea is £130,000 but in Newham it is £35,000
from 2015 to 2023, knife crime has increased by 66%
Lagos population = 15 million
Lagos contains 80% of Nigeria's industry
Lack of safety in oil regions like Port Harcourt
Lots of rainfall in northern Nigeria
250 ethnic groups in Lagos
60% of city live in squatter settlements
Lagos is responsible for 50% of Nigerias energy consumption
Eko Atlantic will provide 250,000 homes and 150,000 jobs
1.7 million people live in squatter settlements
Cholera spreads easily in squatter settlements
Only 40% of waste is actually collected
60% of people work in informal sector
Wages can be less than £2 a day
Commuters spend 3 hrs a day in traffic