Limitations in Language: Language Learning Disorders

Outline of Children with Language Learning Disorders (LLD)

1. Characteristics of LLD

  • Restricted vocabulary knowledge with limited word associations

  • Smaller vocabularies with high frequency/short words

  • Poor categorization and word-finding skills

  • Difficulty understanding complex verbal directions and abstract language

  • Tendency to interpret language literally

2. Form, Morphology, and Syntax

  • Subtle phonological deficits in preschool indicating potential reading difficulties

  • Challenges with phonological awareness, an essential skill for reading ability

  • Production of syntactically simple and immature sentences

    • Fewer complex sentences and embedded clauses than peers

    • Misinterpretation of passive structures based on order of appearance

  • Difficulty with later acquired grammatical morphemes (comparatives, superlatives, advanced prefixes and suffixes)

3. Use of Language

  • Challenges in communication and social development

    • Misinterpretation during peer conversations

    • Difficulty maintaining topics and contributing relevant information

  • Feelings of loneliness and dissatisfaction with peer relationships

  • Struggles with narrative production

    • Immature narratives that lack detail and cohesive ties

    • Poor organization and difficulty with temporal and causal relations

    • Inability to answer inferential questions regarding stories.