Ancient Civilizations: Key Vocabulary
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Mesopotamia | What are the two major rivers that supported the development of Mesopotamian civilizations? | What writing system was developed by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia? | What are the large temple structures built by the Sumerians called? | What is the name of the set of laws established by the Babylonian king? | What were the main political units in ancient Mesopotamia? |
Egypt | What river was crucial for the agriculture and sustenance of ancient Egypt? | What title was given to the rulers of ancient Egypt? | What writing system did ancient Egyptians use for religious and government texts? | What monumental structures served as tombs for pharaohs and demonstrated Egyptian architectural prowess? | What burial practice was employed to preserve bodies for the afterlife in ancient Egypt? |
India | What was the name of the early urban civilization that thrived in the Indian subcontinent? | Which major religion originated in India and is based on a multitude of gods and the concept of dharma? | What was the first large empire in India that was established by Chandragupta Maurya? | What social hierarchy was prominent in ancient Indian society? | What empire is known as the Golden Age of India for its advancements in science, mathematics, and culture? |
China | What river is often referred to as the 'cradle of Chinese civilization'? | What philosophy, founded by Confucius, emphasized ethics, family loyalty, and social hierarchy? | What dynasty is known for unifying China and starting the construction of the Great Wall? | What significant technological and economic development originated in ancient China? | What principle justified the dynastic cycle and the authority of Chinese rulers? |
Monotheism | What is the first known monotheistic religion established by the ancient Hebrews? | Who is considered the patriarch of the Hebrew people and is often regarded as the father of monotheism? | What set of ethical guidelines were given to the Hebrews, forming a core part of Jewish law? | What term refers to the agreement between God and the Israelites? | Who led the Hebrews out of Egypt and received the laws in the form of the Torah? |
Answer Key
Mesopotamia
Q: What are the two major rivers that supported the development of Mesopotamian civilizations?
A: The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Q: What writing system was developed by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia?
A: Cuneiform writing
Q: What are the large temple structures built by the Sumerians called?
A: Ziggurats
Q: What is the name of the set of laws established by the Babylonian king?
A: Hammurabi's Code
Q: What were the main political units in ancient Mesopotamia?
A: City-states such as Ur and Babylon
Egypt
Q: What river was crucial for the agriculture and sustenance of ancient Egypt?
A: The Nile River
Q: What title was given to the rulers of ancient Egypt?
A: Pharaoh
Q: What writing system did ancient Egyptians use for religious and government texts?
A: Hieroglyphics
Q: What monumental structures served as tombs for pharaohs and demonstrated Egyptian architectural prowess?
A: The pyramids
Q: What burial practice was employed to preserve bodies for the afterlife in ancient Egypt?
A: Mummification
India
Q: What was the name of the early urban civilization that thrived in the Indian subcontinent?
A: Indus Valley Civilization
Q: Which major religion originated in India and is based on a multitude of gods and the concept of dharma?
A: Hinduism
Q: What was the first large empire in India that was established by Chandragupta Maurya?
A: The Mauryan Empire
Q: What social hierarchy was prominent in ancient Indian society?
A: Caste system
Q: What empire is known as the Golden Age of India for its advancements in science, mathematics, and culture?
A: The Gupta Empire
China
Q: What river is often referred to as the 'cradle of Chinese civilization'?
A: The Yellow River (Huang He)
Q: What philosophy, founded by Confucius, emphasized ethics, family loyalty, and social hierarchy?
A: Confucianism
Q: What dynasty is known for unifying China and starting the construction of the Great Wall?
A: The Qin Dynasty
Q: What significant technological and economic development originated in ancient China?
A: Silk production and trade
Q: What principle justified the dynastic cycle and the authority of Chinese rulers?
A: The Mandate of Heaven
Monotheism
Q: What is the first known monotheistic religion established by the ancient Hebrews?
A: Judaism
Q: Who is considered the patriarch of the Hebrew people and is often regarded as the father of monotheism?
A: Abraham
Q: What set of ethical guidelines were given to the Hebrews, forming a core part of Jewish law?
A: The Ten Commandments
Q: What term refers to the agreement between God and the Israelites?
A: The Covenant
Q: Who led the Hebrews out of Egypt and received the laws in the form of the Torah?
A: Moses