Superficial and Deep Muscles Anatomy

Superficial Muscles of the Head and Neck

• Sternomastoid
    - Origin: Sternum
    - Insertion: Mastoid process of the temporal bone

• Cleidomastoid
    - Origin: Clavicle
    - Insertion: Mastoid process of the temporal bone

• Sternohyoid
    - Origin: Sternum
    - Insertion: Hyoid cartilage of the neck

• Sternothyroid
    - Origin: Sternum
    - Insertion: Thyroid cartilage of the larynx

• Digastric
    - Origin: Occipital and temporal bones
    - Insertion: Mandible

• Mylohyoid
    - Origin: Mandible
    - Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Masseter
    - Origin: Zygomatic arch
    - Insertion: Mandible

• Temporalis
    - Origin: Parietal and temporal bone
    - Insertion: Mandible

Superficial Muscles of the Chest

• Pectoantebrachialis
    - Origin: Sternum
    - Insertion: Fascia of the ulna

• Pectoralis Major
    - Origin: Anterior end of the sternum
    - Insertion: Humerus

• Pectoralis Minor
    - Origin: Sternum
    - Insertion: Humerus

• Xiphihumeralis
    - Origin: Xiphoid process of the sternum
    - Insertion: Humerus

Superficial Muscles of the Forelimb and Lower Forelimb

• Clavobrachialis (Clavodeltoid)
    - Origin: Clavicle
    - Insertion: Ulna

• Epitrochlearis
    - Origin: Ventral border of the latissimus dorsi
    - Insertion: Tuberosity of the ulna

• Triceps Brachii (Lateral and Long Head)
    - Origin: Olecranon process of the ulna
    - Insertion: Humerus

• Brachioradialis
    - Origin: Humerus
    - Insertion: Distal end of the radius

• Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
    - Origin: Humerus
    - Insertion: Second metacarpal

• Extensor Digitorum Communis (Dorsal View)
    - Origin: Humerus
    - Insertion: Second, third, fourth, and fifth digits

• Extensor Digitorum Lateralis (Dorsal View)
    - Origin: Humerus
    - Insertion: Third, fourth, and fifth digits

• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (Dorsal View)
    - Origin: Humerus
    - Insertion: Fifth metacarpal

• Pronator Teres
    - Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus
    - Insertion: Medial surface of the radius

• Palmaris Longus
    - Origin: Humerus
    - Insertion: Palmar fascia

Superficial Muscles of the Neck, Shoulder, and Back

• Clavotrapezius
    - Origin: Clavicle
    - Insertion: Acromion process of the scapula

• Acromiodeltoid
    - Origin: Acromion process of the scapula
    - Insertion: Proximal end of the humerus

• Acromiotrapezius
    - Origin: Posterior cervical and anterior thoracic vertebrae
    - Insertion: Spine of the scapula

• Spinotrapezius
    - Origin: Spinous processes of the posterior thoracic vertebrae
    - Insertion: Spine of the scapula

• Latissimus Dorsi
    - Origin: Humerus
    - Insertion: Lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

• Spinodeltoid
    - Origin: Spine of the scapula
    - Insertion: Humerus

• Levator Scapulae Ventralis
    - Origin: Atlas and occipital bone
    - Insertion: Scapula

Superficial Muscles of the Abdomen

• External Oblique
    - Origin: Lower ribs
    - Insertion: Linea alba

• Internal Oblique
    - Origin: Lower ribs and lumbar vertebrae
    - Insertion: Linea alba

• Transverse Abdominis
    - Origin: Lower ribs and lumbar vertebrae
    - Insertion: Linea alba

Superficial Muscles of the Hips and Thigh

• Biceps Femoris
    - Origin: Ischium
    - Insertion: Tibia

• Caudofemoralis
    - Origin: Caudal vertebrae
    - Insertion: Patella

• Gluteus Maximus
    - Origin: Sacral and caudal vertebrae
    - Insertion: Proximal femur

• Gluteus Medius
    - Origin: Ilium and transverse processes of sacral and caudal vertebrae
    - Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur

• Tensor Fascia Lata
    - Origin: Ilium
    - Insertion: Fascia lata

Superficial Muscles of the Thigh and Lower Legs

• Sartorius
    - Origin: Crest of the ilium
    - Insertion: Tibia and patella

• Gracilis
    - Origin: Pubic symphysis
    - Insertion: Medial surface of the tibia

• Gastrocnemius
    - Origin: Femur
    - Insertion: Calcaneus

• Soleus
    - Origin: Fibula
    - Insertion: Calcaneus

• Tibialis Anterior
    - Origin: Tibia and fibula
    - Insertion: First metatarsal

• Flexor Digitorum Longus
    - Origin: Tibia and fibula
    - Insertion: Distal phalanges of the foot

Deep Muscles of the Neck and Back

• Rhomboideus (Rhomboideus Major and Minor in Humans)
    - Origin: Cervical and thoracic vertebrae
    - Insertion: Medial border of the scapula

• Longissimus Dorsi
    - Origin: Lumbar vertebrae
    - Insertion: Cervical vertebrae

• Spinalis Dorsi
    - Origin: Thoracic vertebrae
    - Insertion: Thoracic vertebrae

• Multifidus Spinae
    - Origin: Sacrum and transverse processes
    - Insertion: Spinous processes of vertebrae above

Deep Muscles of the Chest and Shoulder

• Serratus Ventralis
    - Origin: Eight and ninth ribs, and transverse processes of C3-C7
    - Insertion: Scapula

• Scalenus Muscle Group
    - Includes: Scalenus Anterior, Medius, and Posterior
    - Origin: Ribs
    - Insertion: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

• Transversus Costarum
    - Origin: Sternum
    - Insertion: First rib

• Rectus Abdominis
    - Origin: Pubis
    - Insertion: Upper ribs and sternum

• Subscapularis
    - Origin: Scapula
    - Insertion: Humerus

• Teres Major
    - Origin: Scapula
    - Insertion: Humerus

Deep Muscles of the Forelimb and Lower Forelimb

• Biceps Brachii
    - Origin: Glenoid fossa/cavity of the scapula
    - Insertion: Radial tuberosity of the radius

• Triceps Brachii (Medial Head)
    - Origin: Olecranon process of the ulna
    - Insertion: Humerus

• Brachialis
    - Origin: Lateral surface of the humerus
    - Insertion: Proximal end of the ulna

• Flexor Digitorum Profundus
    - Origin: Radius, ulna, and medial epicondyle of the humerus
    - Insertion: Distal phalanges of the foot

Deep Muscles of the Thigh

• Vastus Medialis
    - Origin: Femur
    - Insertion: Patella

• Rectus Femoris
    - Origin: Ilium
    - Insertion: Patella

• Vastus Lateralis
    - Origin: Femur
    - Insertion: Patella

• Vastus Intermedius
    - Origin: Femur
    - Insertion: Patella

• Adductor Femoris
    - Origin: Pubis
    - Insertion: Femur

• Adductor Longus
    - Origin: Pubis
    - Insertion: Femur

• Pectineus
    - Origin: Anterior pubis
    - Insertion: Shaft of the femur

• Semimembranosus
    - Origin: Ischium
    - Insertion: Distal end of femur