Cell diversity

  • the trillions of cells in the human body include 200 different cell types that vary greatly in size shape and function

  • Depending on the type cells also vary greatly in length ranging from 1/12000 inch to over 1 yard (nerve cells)

  • A cells shape reflects on its function

    Cells that connect body parts:

  • Fibroblast- the elongated shape of this cell lies along cable like fibers that it secretes

  • Erythrocyte-(red blood cell) this cell carries oxygen in the bloodstream

    Cell that covers and lines body organs:

  • Epithelial cell-(hexagonal shape) this shape allows it to pack together in sheets. Has abundant intermediate filaments that resist tearing when rubbed or pulled

    Cells that move organs and body parts:

  • Skeletal and smooth muscle cells- these cells are elongated and filled with abundant contractile filaments and allows them shorten forcefully and move the bones or change the size of internal organs

    Cell that stores nutrients:

  • Fat cells- (huge spherical shape) is produced by a large lipid droplet in its cytoplasm

    Cell that fights disease:

  • Macrophage-(phagocytic cell) this cell extends long pseudopods to crawl through the tissue and infection sites. The many lysosomes within the cell digest the infectious microorganisms it takes up

    Cell that gathers information and controls body functions:

  • Nerve cell-this cell has long processes for receiving messages and transmitting them to other structures in the body

    Cells of reproduction:

  • Oocyte-(female) the largest cell in the body, this egg cell contains several copies of all organelles, and the fertilized egg divides to become embryo

  • Sperm-(male) this cell is long and streamlined built for swimming to the egg for fertilization. Flagellum acts a motile whip

    Cells have the ability to:

  • Metabolize

  • Move

  • Digest food

  • Dispose waste

  • Reproduce

  • Respond to stimulus

  • Grow

Solution-homogeneous mixture of two or more components

  • solvent- dissolving medium ( water in body)

  • Solutes- components in smaller quantities in solutions

Intercellular fluid-(nucleoplasm and cytosol)

  • Solution containing gases, nutrients and salts

Interstitial fluid-(fluid on exterior of cells)

  • contains thousands of ingredients like nutrients, hormones, neurotransmitters, salts, waste products

Membrane Transport:

1) Passive transport-

Diffusion~simple, proteins carrier medicated, channel mediated, osmosis

Filteration

2)