M2

Summary

A chemist named William Perkins was trying to make a medicine, but accidentally made a purple dye instead that accident started the entire modern chemical industry, dyes medicines, plastics, cosmetics, etc

• He was experimenting with coal tar chemicals

• One chemical he used was aniline

• Inside of medicine - purple stain appeared

• That became the first synthetic dye

• Before this colours came from plants and animals (expensive)

• After this factories could make chemicals

  chemist, don’t just memorize molecules. They look for patterns inside molecules. These patterns are the functional group.

What a functional group is

Summary

A functional group is a specific group of atoms inside a molecule that gives the molecule its chemical behaviour

Think of a molecule like a person

• Carbon chain = the body

• Functional group = the personality

  some carbon chains have different functional groups and completely different chemical

Examples

• Ethane - basically inactive

• Ethanol - drinkable alcohol

• Ethanoic acid - vinegar

Only difference is the functional group

Functional group decides

• Smell

• Acidity

• Boiling point

• Toxicity

• Reactions