histo practice
Question 1:
Which of the following supporting cells forms the blood-brain barrier and regulates the chemical environment of nervous tissue?
(A) Oligodendrocytes
(B) Microglia
(C) Schwann cells
(D) Astrocytes
Answer: (D) Astrocytes
Question 2:
Where do we find fibrocartilage?
Show answer options
(A) Ear
(B) Nose
(C) Intervertebral discs
(D) Tracheal rings
Answer: (C) Intervertebral discs
Question 3:
Which of the following statements about transitional epithelium is correct?
Show answer options
(A) It can stretch and contract according to conditions.
(B) It is a keratinized stratified epithelium.
(C) It is found on the inner surface of the intestines.
(D) It has a single layer of cuboidal cells.
Answer: (A) It can stretch and contract according to conditions.
Question 4:
What is the primary function of transitional epithelium in the urinary bladder?
Show answer options
(A) Water reabsorption
(B) Stretching and contracting
(C) Mucus secretion
(D) Protection against abrasions
Answer: (B) Stretching and contracting
Question 5:
What type of biopsy is generally performed when skin cancer is suspected, and a small part of the lesion is cut for analysis?
Show answer options
(A) Excision biopsy
(B) Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)
(C) Endoscopic biopsy
Answer: (A) Excision biopsy
Question 6:
Clinical Case:
Marcos, a 50-year-old man, visits his doctor complaining of urinary problems. He has noticed blood in his urine and experiences pain when urinating. Additionally, he has inexplicably lost weight over the past few months. During the evaluation, the doctor also observes that Marcos has high blood pressure. Tests reveal the presence of abnormal cells in Marcos's urine, and a biopsy of the urinary tract shows changes in the epithelial cells lining the bladder.
What type of epithelium is commonly found in the urinary bladder?
Show answer options
(A) Simple squamous epithelium
(B) Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
(C) Transitional epithelium
(D) Simple columnar epithelium
Answer: (C) Transitional epithelium
Question 7:
The endothelium is a glandular epithelium.
True
False
Answer: False
Question 8:
Principal cell of connective tissue
Show answer options
(A) Fibroblast
(B) Mesenchymal cell
(C) Cholangiocyte
(D) Fibrocyte
Answer: (A) Fibroblast
Question 9:
Simple cuboidal epithelia can be found in the excretory ducts of some glands.
True
False
Answer: True
Question 10:
What is the main function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium with ciliated cells in the respiratory tract?
Show answer options
(A) Nutrient absorption
(B) Protection against abrasions
(C) Contraction for movement
(D) Mucus secretion
Answer: (D) Mucus secretion
Question 11:
It is responsible for the chemical modification of proteins, classification, and packaging of molecules for secretion or transport to other organelles. Among the diseases associated with this organelle is renal polycystic disease.
Show answer options
(A) Mitochondria
(B) Endosomes
(C) Lysosomes
(D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: (D) Golgi apparatus
Question 12:
Epithelia are strongly irrigated by blood capillaries.
True
False
Answer: True
Question 13:
Where in the digestive system is simple columnar epithelium with microvilli commonly found?
Show answer options
(A) Small intestine
(B) Large intestine
(C) Stomach
(D) Esophagus
Answer: (A) Small intestine
Question 14:
Which of the following cells has phagocytic activity as its main characteristic?
Show answer options
(A) Oligodendrocyte
(B) Satellite cells
(C) Osteoclast
(D) Fibroblast
(E) Osteoblast
Answer: (C) Osteoclast
Question 15:
What type of biopsy involves completely removing a suspicious area of tissue?
Show answer options
(A) Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)
(B) Endoscopic biopsy
(C) Biopsy by freezing
(D) Excision biopsy
Answer: (D) Excision biopsy
Question 16:
What is the main function of chondrocytes in cartilage?
Show answer options
(A) Maintaining tissue elasticity
(B) Secreting the extracellular matrix
(C) Contracting tissue in response to stimuli
(D) Producing collagen fibers
Answer: (B) Secreting the extracellular matrix
Question 17:
The macrophage of bone tissue is...
Show answer options
(A) Osteoclast
(B) Osteocyte
(C) Osteoblast
(D) Progenitor cell
Answer: (A) Osteoclast
Question 18:
Which of the following supporting cells is mainly found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and forms the myelin sheath around axons?
Show answer options
(A) Microglia
(B) Schwann cells
(C) Astrocytes
(D) Oligodendrocytes
Answer: (B) Schwann cells
Question 19:
What supporting cells are involved in myelin formation in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Show answer options
(A) Microglia
(B) Astrocytes
(C) Oligodendrocytes
(D) Schwann cells
Answer: (C) Oligodendrocytes
Question 20:
What type of epithelium is found in renal tubules and is specialized in the reabsorption and secretion of substances?
Show answer options
(A) Simple squamous epithelium
(B) Transitional epithelium
(C) Simple cuboidal epithelium
(D) Simple columnar epithelium
Answer: (C) Simple cuboidal epithelium
Question 21:
Where is simple columnar epithelium commonly found in human skin?
Show answer options
(A) Small intestine
(B) Skin
(C) Trachea
Answer: (A) Small intestine
Question 22:
In which part of the body is stratified squamous epithelium found?
Show answer options
(A) Colon
(B) Lung alveoli
(C) Skin
(D) Stomach
Answer: (C) Skin
Question 23:
Tissue located in large quantities in the neonate, in adults remnants are found in the retroperitoneal space, deep cervical regions, supraclavicular regions, interscapular and paravertebral regions. Its main function is thermogenesis.
Show answer options
(A) Squamous tissue
(B) Multilocular adipose tissue
(C) Transitional tissue
(D) Unilocular adipose tissue
Answer: (B) Multilocular adipose tissue
Question 24:
What type of epithelium is found in lung alveoli and allows efficient gas exchange?
Show answer options
(A) Simple cuboidal epithelium
(B) Simple columnar epithelium
(C) Transitional epithelium
(D) Simple squamous epithelium
Answer: (D) Simple squamous epithelium
Question 25:
Mesothelium is a type of epithelium.
True
False
Answer: True
Question 26:
It is located in the follicles of the thyroid glands, surface of the ovaries, and renal tubules.
Show answer options
(A) Simple columnar epithelium
(B) Simple columnar epithelium with microvilli
(C) Stratified columnar epithelium
(D) Simple cuboidal epithelium
Answer: (B) Simple columnar epithelium with microvilli
Question 27:
Epithelium consisting of flat cells that line blood and lymphatic vessels is called:
Show answer options
(A) Mesothelium
(B) Endothelium
(C) Endocardium
Answer: (B) Endothelium
Question 28:
They are transient or wandering cells that have migrated to the tissue from the blood in response to specific stimuli, except:
Show answer options
(A) Lymphocytes
(B) Fibroblasts
(C) Eosinophils
Answer: (B) Fibroblasts
Question 29:
Which of the following cells is responsible for collagen production in connective tissue?
Show answer options
(A) Osteoblasts
(B) Fibroblasts
(C) Osteoclasts
(D) Adipocytes
Answer: (B) Fibroblasts
Question 30:
Epithelial tissue is characterized by:
Show answer options
(A) A and B are correct
(B) The basement membrane, when present, is discontinuous
(C) Review body surfaces
(D) The cells are tightly connected to each other
Answer: (A) A and B are correct
Question 31:
What type of supporting cells act as the macrophages of the nervous system, clearing away waste and dead cells?
Show answer options
(A) Astrocyte
(B) Microglia
(C) Satellite cell
(D) Oligodendrocyte
Answer: (B) Microglia
Question 32:
Case Study:
Sofia, a 30-year-old woman, consults a dermatologist due to the presence of skin lesions on her hands and forearms. She reports that the lesions are painful and often break, forming ulcers. Additionally, she experiences intense itching in the surrounding skin. Upon examining Sofia, the dermatologist notes the presence of fluid-filled blisters in the affected areas. Skin biopsies reveal changes in the epithelium lining the epidermis.
What type of epithelium do we find in the epidermis?
Show answer options
(A) Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
(B) Simple squamous epithelium
(C) Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
(D) Simple cuboidal epithelium
Answer: (C) Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
Question 33:
It is a dense connective tissue sheath that surrounds all the fascicles that make up the muscle, known in macroscopic anatomy as deep fascia:
Show answer options
(A) Epimysium
(B) Endomysium
(C) Perimysium
Answer: (C) Perimysium
Question 34:
Fat tissue cells are called
Show answer options
(A) Osteocyte
(B) Adipocyte
(C) Chondrocyte
(D) Sebocyte
Answer: (B) Adipocyte
Question 35:
Loose connective tissue is characteristic of
Show answer options
(A) Hyaline tissue
(B) Proper lamina of adipose tissue
(C) Bone tissue matrix
(D) Proper lamina of digestive tube organs
Answer: (B) Proper lamina of adipose tissue
Question 36:
Which of the following epithelia is found in the lining of the respiratory passages and has ciliated cells and goblet cells?
Show answer options
(A) Stratified squamous epithelium
(B) Transitional epithelium
(C) Simple columnar epithelium
(D) Simple cuboidal epithelium
Answer: (C) Simple columnar epithelium
Question 37:
Connective tissue:
Show answer options
(A) Is one of the 4 elementary tissues
(B) Its structural unit is the endothelium
(C) It is a vascularized tissue
(D) Its cells are called fibroblasts
Answer: (A) Is one of the 4 elementary tissues
Question 38:
The largest plasma protein, which although not very abundant, is important for blood clotting.
Show answer options
(A) Albumin
(B) Fibrinogen
(C) Globulin
Answer: (B) Fibrinogen
Question 39:
What is the main cellular component of blood tissue?
Show answer options
(A) Leukocytes
(B) Platelets
(C) Erythrocytes
Answer: (C) Erythrocytes
Question 40:
Where in the digestive system is stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium commonly found?
Show answer options
(A) Colon
(B) Stomach
(C) Small intestine
(D) Esophagus
Answer: (D) Esophagus
Question 41:
The most abundant fibers in the human body are
Show answer options
(A) Elastic fibers
(B) Reticular fibers
(C) Collagen fibers
Answer: (C) Collagen fibers
Question 42:
Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle is true?
Show answer options
(A) It is mainly found in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract.
(B) It contains intercalated discs that allow electrical communication between cells.
(C) It is under voluntary control.
Answer: (B) It contains intercalated discs that allow electrical communication between cells.
Question 43:
What supporting cells are responsible for regulating cerebral blood flow and removing neurotransmitters at synapses?
Show answer options
(A) Astrocytes
(B) Oligodendrocytes
(C) Schwann cells
(D) Microglia
Answer: (A) Astrocytes
Question 44:
Epithelial tissue:
Show answer options
(A) Is one of the 4 elementary tissues
(B) Its structural unit is the endothelium
(C) It is a vascularized tissue
(D) Its cells are called fibroblasts
Answer: (A) Is one of the 4 elementary tissues
Question 45:
The largest plasma protein, which although not very abundant, is important for blood clotting.
Show answer options
(A) Albumin
(B) Dystrophin
(C) Fibrinogen
Answer: (C) Fibrinogen
Question 46:
Formed by elongated, cylindrical, multinucleated cells, with nuclei arranged toward the periphery. With the presence of transverse striations.
Show answer options
(A) Smooth muscle
(B) All
(C) Cardiac muscle
(D) Skeletal striated muscle
Answer: (D) Skeletal striated muscle
Question 47:
Epithelial cells are separated from each other by a large amount of
extracellular matrix.
True
False
Answer: False
Question 48:
Case Study:
Maria, a 35-year-old woman, visits a medical consultation complaining of persistent abdominal pain and difficulty swallowing food. During the initial interview, Maria reveals that she has experienced unexplained weight loss in recent months and feels constantly fatigued. On physical examination, the doctor notes that Maria has dry, rough skin. Additionally, upon performing an endoscopy, ulcers are observed in the mucosa of the esophagus. Biopsies reveal a significant loss of epithelial cells in the innermost layer of the esophageal mucosa.
What type of epithelium is most commonly found in the esophageal mucosa?
Show answer options
(A) Simple columnar epithelium
(B) Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
(C) Simple squamous epithelium
(D) Simple cuboidal epithelium
Answer: (B) Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
Question 49:
What protein is responsible for muscle contraction in skeletal muscle?
Show answer options
(A) Myosin
(B) Troponin
(C) Actin
Answer: (A) Myosin
Question 50:
What type of leukocyte is responsible for adaptive immune response and antibody production?
Show answer options
(A) Monocytes
(B) Neutrophils
(C) Eosinophils
(D) Lymphocytes
Answer: (D) Lymphocytes
Question 51: What preparation is typically used for histological preparation? Show answer options (A) Hematoxylin and trichrome (B) Hematoxylin and eosin (C) Eosin and toluidine (D) Methylene blue Answer: (B) Hematoxylin and eosin
Question 52: Endothelium is a simple squamous epithelium. True False Answer: True
Question 53: They are small digitiform cytoplasmic evaginations with a nucleus of actin filaments, which increase the apical surface for absorption and are visible under light microscopy in the small intestine as striated border or brush border. Show answer options (A) Wharton's jelly (B) Areolar connective tissue (C) Mesenchymal (D) Dense irregular substance Answer: (D) Dense irregular substance
Question 54: Functions of epithelium include, except: Show answer options (A) Irrigation and contractility function through proprioceptive stimuli (B) Absorption, for example, the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney (C) Reception and translation of external stimuli (D) Transport of materials through an epithelium or from connective tissue Answer: (A) Irrigation and contractility function through proprioceptive stimuli
Question 55: What type of sebaceous gland is associated with the hair follicle and produces an oily secretion to lubricate the skin and hair? Show answer options (A) Apocrine gland (B) Merocrine gland (C) Endocrine gland (D) Holocrine sebaceous gland Answer: (D) Holocrine sebaceous gland
Question 56: Case Study: Ana, a 40-year-old woman, visits the doctor with complaints of persistent abdominal pain and changes in her bowel habits. She has experienced episodes of diarrhea alternating with constipation and notices the presence of blood in her stool. Ana also reports constant fatigue and unexplained weight loss. During evaluation, the doctor performs a colonoscopy and finds areas of inflammation and ulceration in the lining of the colon. Biopsies reveal changes in the epithelium lining the colon. What type of epithelium is found in the lining of the colon? Show answer options (A) Simple squamous epithelium (B) Simple columnar epithelium (C) Stratified squamous epithelium (D) Transitional epithelium Answer: (B) Simple columnar epithelium
Question 57: What protein is responsible for muscle contraction in skeletal muscle? Show answer options (A) Myosin (B) Troponin (C) Actin Answer: (A) Myosin
Question 58: What type of leukocyte is responsible for adaptive immune response and antibody production? Show answer options (A) Monocytes (B) Neutrophils (C) Eosinophils (D) Lymphocytes Answer: (D) Lymphocytes