Hip Review - Sports Med

Pelvic Girdle

  • Functions:
    • Protects organs.
    • Transmits weighted loads.
    • Muscle attachment.

Snapping Hip Syndrome

  • Description: IT Band snaps over the greater trochanter on the femur.
    • Can be felt and/or heard.

Bony Ring of the Pelvic Girdle

  • Components:
    • Sacrum
    • Coccyx (tailbone)
    • Ilium
    • Ischium
    • Pubis
    • Acetabulum

Acetabulum Formation

  • Bones that articulate to form it:
    • Ilium
    • Ischium
    • Pubis

Common Hip Injury in Twisting Sports

  • Acetabular labral tears (common in golf, baseball, and softball)

ASIS

  • Stands for: Anterior superior iliac spine

Acetabular Labrum

  • Similarity: Analogous to the meniscus in the knee.

Hip Ligaments

  • Ligaments:
    • Iliofemoral joint (most important)
    • Ischiofemoral joint
    • Pubofemoral joint

Hip Joint Type

  • Ball and socket joint

Apophysis

  • Definition: A structure or prominent part of a bone where muscles attach.

Apophysitis vs. Avulsion Fracture

  • Apophysitis: Irritation and inflammation of the apophysis.
  • Avulsion fracture: Muscle attached to the apophysis tears part of the bone off.

Hip Special Tests

  • Hip Scouring Test:
    • Purpose: Looking for acetabular labral tears.
    • Positive Test: Pain in the hip or irregularities in movement.
  • Rectus Femoris Contracture Test:
    • Purpose: Looking for tightness of the quadriceps.
    • Positive Test: Knee extends, but thigh remains on the table.
  • Patrick's Test (FABER):
    • Purpose: Looking for iliopsoas muscle spasms.
    • Positive Test: The knee remains above the opposite straight leg.
  • 90-90 Straight Leg Raising Test:
    • Purpose: Looking for hamstring flexibility and tightness.
    • Positive Test: Unable to extend within 20 degrees of normal extension.
  • True Leg Length Discrepancy Test:
    • Purpose: Looking for structural differences in length of tibia or femur when compared bilaterally.
  • Apparent Leg Length Discrepancy Test:
    • Purpose: Looking for lateral pelvic tilt or flexing deformity in the hip.
  • Femur and Tibia Length Tests:
    • Purpose: Looking for femur/tibia length discrepancy.

Piriformis Syndrome

  • Symptoms: Deep or sharp pain in the buttock.

Hip Pointer Injury

  • Location: Iliac crest

Apophyseal Injury

  • Mechanism of Injury: Violent muscular contractions against a resistance, overstretching muscle, direct blow.

Sacrum

  • Vertebrae: 5 fused vertebrae

Acetabulum Bones

  • Bones:
    • Ilium
    • Ischium
    • Pubis

Coccyx

  • Common Name: Tailbone

Patrick’s Test

  • Tests For: Iliopsoas muscle spasms
  • Positive Indicator: Knee remains above the resting leg

Piriformis Syndrome

  • Signs and Symptoms:
    • Sharp pain in the buttock
    • Increased pain with prolonged sitting
  • Treatments:
    • Piriformis stretch
    • Modify activity

Hip Joint Socket

  • Acetabuluofemoral joint

Hip Labrum Material

  • Fibrocartilage

Hip Scouring Test

  • Tests For: Acetabular labrum tears

Acetabular Labrum Comparison

  • Similar To: Meniscus

90-90 SLR Test

  • Used For: Hamstring body part mobility

Snapping Hip Syndrome

  • Snapping Body Part: IT band
  • Treatment: Modify activity and strengthen weak muscles

Pelvic Tilt

  • Tilt that Increases Lordotic Curve: Anterior pelvic tilt

Agreement Statements

  • The pubofemoral ligament is the strongest ligament in the hip: Disagree
  • The acetabulofemoral joint is the strongest in the body: Agree
  • Someone with lateral pelvic tilt may look like one leg is longer than the other: Disagree
  • An avulsion fracture may be common in golf: Disagree
  • The AIIS is the highest point of the hip: Disagree