Comprehensive Guide to Iconic Artworks, Sculptural Techniques, and Visual Arts Vocabulary

Auguste Rodin: Known for the sculpture titled “The Thinker.”
Christo and Jeanne Claude: Famous for the large-scale installation work titled ‘‘Gates.’’
Keith Haring: Associated with the iconic ‘‘Radiant Baby’’ imagery.
Andy Warhol: A central figure in Pop Art, known for the work “ $100$ Cans.”
Roy Lichtenstein: Known for his comic-strip style, specifically the piece ‘‘Drowning Girl.’’
Claes Oldenburg: Creator of the large-scale sculpture ‘‘Clothespin $1976$ .’’
Alexander Calder: Known for his kinetic sculptures, specifically ‘‘Lobster Trap and Fish Tail.’’ He is credited with inventing the mobile and the stabile.
Henry Moore: Recognized for his semi-abstract monumental bronze sculptures, such as ‘‘Reclining Figure.’’
Deborah Butterfield: Notable for her sculptures of horses, including the piece ‘‘Rex.’’
Alberto Giacometti: Famous for his elongated figures, such as ‘‘Walking Man.’’
Akira Yoshizawa: A master of origami, known for creating works like ‘‘Paper Gorilla.’’
Marcel Duchamp: A pioneer of the Dada movement. He famously submitted ‘‘Fountain’’ (a readymade urinal) for exhibition in $1917$ , signing it with the pseudonym ‘‘R. MUTT.’’
Michelangelo: The Renaissance master responsible for the marble masterpiece ‘‘David.’’

$1$ . Seam: A line where $2$ pieces of fabric are sewn together in a garment or other article.
$2$ . Stitch: A single complete movement of a threaded needle in sewing or surgical suturing.
$4$ . Pleat: A fold in cloth made by doubling the material upon itself and then pressing or stitching it into place.
$5$ . Bolt: A means of wrapping the fabric neatly for both the transport and sale of the material.
$6$ . Template: A shaped piece of metal, wood, card, plastic, or other material used as a pattern for processes such as cutting out, shaping, or drilling.
$16$ . Malleable: Capable of being extended or shaped by impact or pressure.
$17$ . Media: The materials used by the artist to create a work.

$7$ . Additive: Refers to the process of joining a series of parts together to create a sculpture.
$8$ . Subtractive: Refers to a sculpting method produced by removing or taking away from the original material; this is the opposite of the additive process.
$15$ . Free standing: Sculpture which is designed to be seen from all sides including the top. It usually supports itself and is not part of, or attached to, a wall or background.
$18$ . Relief: An art form which is graphic in concept but utilizes shallow depth (projection) to establish images.
$19$ . Mobile: A balanced arrangement of thin rods or stiff wires with objects suspended from them. The entire sculpture hangs from a filament and is moved by air currents.
- Invention: The mobile was named by its inventor, sculptor Alexander Calder.
- Stabile: Also invented by Calder, a stabile is rigid and stationary rather than flexible and suspended.
$20$ . Armature: A skeleton-like framework to give rigid internal support to a modeled sculpture, typically made of either clay or wax.
$21$ . Assemblage: Creating sculpture by combining many elements—especially found objects—into a complete work of art. The work is considered "assembled" from many different parts.
$22$ . Maquette: A small model, usually in wax or clay, of a larger sculpture work. The maquette is used to propose a large or monumental work to a client for approval before the major work is officially started.

$3$ . Pop Art: Art based on modern popular culture and the mass media.
$9$ . Art Criticism: An organized system for looking at the visual arts; it is a process of appraising what students should know and be able to do.
$10$ . Balance: The way in which the elements in visual arts are arranged to create a feeling of equilibrium in a work of art. There are $3$ types of balance:
- Symmetry
- Asymmetry
- Radial
$11$ . Asymmetry: A balance of parts on opposite sides of a perceived midline, giving the appearance of equal visual weight.
$12$ . Bilateral Symmetry: An attribute of a shape or relation characterized by the exact reflection of form on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane.
$13$ . Radial Symmetry: The property of symmetry about an axis; for example, the starfish illustrates radial symmetry.
$14$ . Abstract: The simplification or generalization of forms usually found in nature, sometimes to the extent that they become unrecognizable.
$23$ . Negative space: The empty space in and around an object that helps define the sculpture.
$24$ . Positive space: The space a form occupies in an artwork; the actual material of the sculpture.
$25$ . Organic: An irregular shape, or one that might be found in nature.